31 Maret 2011

Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis

Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis
" Dr. R K Singh"
"Dr. B.D.Chaudhary)
kalyani publisher 1979

Prinsip dan tehnik Analisis Biomolekul(Aulanni'am)

Prinsip dan tehnik Analisis Biomolekul(Aulanni'am)
cet 1-2004,penerbit Fpub Press

21 Maret 2011

From Farm to Consumer – Linking Crop Physiology and Production with Buyer-oriented Quality. I. Vegetables.

From Farm to Consumer – Linking Crop Physiology and Production
with Buyer-oriented Quality. I. Vegetables.

1 1 1 1 2
M.D. Kleinhenz , J.C. Scheerens , D.M. Francis , T.J.K. Radovich , D.G. French , A.
1 1 1 1 3 4
Gazula , A. Wszelaki , A. Sanchez-Vela , A.A.C. McIntyre , J. Delwiche , P. Ling ,
1 1
K. Amisi , and D.J. Doohan
1
Dept. of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA 44691-4096
2
formerly, College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, USA 44691. Currently, Dept. of
Agricultural Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA 47907
3 Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,
USA 43210-1086
4
Dept. of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA 44691-4096
E-mail: kleinhenz.1@osu.edu

Keywords: anthocyanin, antioxidant, chlorophyll, cultivar, hedonic, irrigation, lycopene,
management, organic, planting date, sensory, stress, vegetables, yellow shoulder
disorder

Abstract
Crop and product quality are based on the assignment of value to both by a
farmer, processor, wholesaler, or consumer. Physical, chemical, biological, sensory,
production method-based, and food safety- or human health-related characteristics
of the commodity may be used to assign value (i.e., rate quality). They may also
influence price and/or the frequency of initial or repeated purchase. Although crop
and product quality is increasingly important in the marketplace, many scientific
questions remain regarding mechanisms underlying its development and
maintenance at all levels of organization within the plant. Likewise, additional
questions persist regarding how crop or product quality may be managed during
production and after harvest for the potential benefit of farmers, processors,
wholesalers, consumers or others. Practical questions of immediate and long-term
importance, in particular, have driven integrated, multi-disciplinary efforts among
researchers in several departments within the College of Food, Agricultural and
Environmental Sciences at The Ohio State University to explore natural and human
forces which shape crop quality. We report here on a set of completed and ongoing
studies dealing with the separate and combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors
on vegetable crop quality. Numerous studies involving four crops (cabbage, Brassica
oleracea L., Capitata Group; lettuce, Lactuca sativa, L.; potato, Solanum tuberosum,
L.; tomatoes for processing, Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) grown in controlled
environments or the field, using conventional, organic, or transitional-organic
methods are discussed.

INTRODUCTION
Quality influences pricing and selection decisions made by wholesalers,
distributors, processors, consumers and others. The increase in number of quality-oriented
criteria and growing importance of quality in the marketplace suggest that more attention
should be given to defining quality in objective terms. To improve quality through
breeding, crop management and post-harvest handling, more must be known about
mechanisms driving quality and practices required to develop and maintain it at all stages
of crop production, processing, and distribution.
We summarize here numerous completed or ongoing studies exploring the
influences of production methods, genetics, and physiology on vegetable crop quality.
These studies help address practical considerations in the management of quality during
crop production and processing. They also provide firm rationale for additional study of

Proc. Int. Conf. Quality in Chains
Eds. Tijskens & Vollebregt 95

Persepsi Manajemen Rantai Pasokan untuk Hortikultura tahan lama

Persepsi Manajemen Rantai Pasokan untuk Hortikultura tahan lama
Tanaman: Pendahuluan sebuah

Errol W. Hewett
Ketua Komisi ISHS Kualitas dan Pascapanen
Lembaga Pangan, Nutrisi dan Kesehatan Manusia
Massey University, Albany Kampus
Private Bag 102 904, North Shore Pusat Mail
Auckland, Selandia Baru

Kata kunci: buah-buahan dan sayuran, supply chain, manajemen, logistik; mutu; Kiwi;
apel, aprikot, kepuasan konsumen.

Abstrak
Untuk memastikan bahwa kualitas tertinggi dan sesuai produk yang tersedia untuk
konsumen, maka sangat penting bahwa semua pihak yang terlibat dalam produksi,
pengepakan, penyimpanan, transportasi, distribusi dan pemasaran buah-buahan segar dan
sayuran melakukan semuanya dengan benar dalam rantai dari pertanian ke piring. Selama masa lalu
satu dekade telah terjadi transformasi besar dalam cara perusahaan melakukan bisnis.
Mereka yang memahami bagaimana rantai pasokan dapat dioptimalkan dan proses logistik
dapat ditingkatkan telah memperoleh kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan ditingkatkan, lebih rendah
biaya dan meningkatkan pangsa pasar dan profitabilitas.Manajemen rantai suplai
[SCM] telah menjadi suatu proses bisnis kunci; mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip utama untuk mengembangkan
aliansi strategis; mengoptimalkan struktur organisasi, mengembangkan manusia
sumber daya untuk merangkul visi dan komitmen pada keunggulan; terus
perbaikan alat-alat yang tersedia dalam teknologi informasi memiliki semua memiliki dampak besar pada
keberhasilan perusahaan. Bisa prinsip-prinsip tersebut diterapkan dengan buah segar dan sayur
industri yang cenderung ditandai oleh sejumlah besar petani kecil di
dan lokasi yang berbeda dengan produk kualitas variabel, dan yang ada dalam
lingkungan loyalitas ketidakpercayaan dan meragukan? Contoh dari Selandia Baru
keberhasilan (ZESPRI   International Ltd) dan kesempatan (industri buah batu) adalah
 
digunakan untuk menunjukkan beberapa kesulitan yang harus diatasi untuk membawa tentang
diperlukan perubahan dalam rantai. Disarankan bahwa sektor-sektor yang tidak
menerapkan sistem SCM yang sesuai menjalankan resiko nyata kegagalan dalam mendatang
masa depan.

PENDAHULUAN DAN SELAMAT DATANG
Atas nama Presiden Masyarakat Internasional untuk Hortikultura Sains
(ISHS), Dr Norman Looney, dan Dewan ISHS, saya menyambut anda semua untuk ini yang ketiga
pertemuan internasional kelompok Anda, multidisiplin prihatin dengan buah dan sayuran
kualitas.
Sebagai Ketua Komisi Kualitas dan Pascapanen Saya senang bahwa Anda
pertemuan memutuskan untuk membawa Anda ke dalam ISHS lipat. Kami adalah komoditas lintas Komisi
dengan lebih dari 200 anggota yang memiliki kepentingan dalam buah dan sayuran dari kualitas
kebun ke plate, dari fisiologi untuk patologi dan dari biologi molekuler untuk pemodelan.
Diharapkan bahwa pertemuan ini akan menjadi bagian rutin dari seri kami pascapanen, bergabung
pascapanen umum hortikultura, Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Unlimited Pascapanen
(Yang mengadakan pertemuan pertama pada tahun 2002), dan Model-It, masing-masing memiliki pertemuan setiap 3 -
4 tahun. Komisi kami sekarang sponsor setidaknya satu Pascapanen internasional besar
Simposium setiap tahun.
Saya akan mendorong Anda untuk menjadi Kelompok Kerja dalam Kualitas dan
Pascapanen Komisi. Kelompok Kerja adalah jantung dari ISHS.Mereka terdiri dari
tajam, antusias dan komitmen individu dari beragam profesional
latar belakang, yang ingin mengadakan simposium reguler pada bidang khusus minat mereka.
Saya ingin mendorong kegiatan multidisiplin kami Komisi dan membangun

Proc. Int. Conf. Kualitas dalam Chains
Eds. Tijskens & 37 Vollebregt
Acta Hort. 604, ISHS 2003

Perceptions of Supply Chain Management for Perishable Horticultural Crops: an Introduction

Perceptions of Supply Chain Management for Perishable Horticultural
Crops: an Introduction

Errol W. Hewett
Chair ISHS Quality and Postharvest Commission
Institute for Food, Nutrition and Human Health
Massey University, Albany Campus
Private Bag 102 904, North Shore Mail Centre
Auckland, New Zealand

Keywords: fruits and vegetables; supply chain; management; logistics; quality; kiwifruit;
apples; apricots; consumer satisfaction.

Abstract
To ensure that the highest and appropriate quality of product is available for
consumers, it is critically important that all parties involved in the production,
packing, storage, transport, distribution and marketing of fresh fruits and
vegetables do everything correctly in the chain from farm to plate. Over the past
decade a major transformation has occurred in the way firms undertake business.
Those that understand how the supply chain can be optimised and logistic processes
can be improved have obtained enhanced customer satisfaction and loyalty, lower
costs and improved market share and profitability. Supply chain management
[SCM] has become a key business process; adopting key principles of developing
strategic alliances; optimising organisational structures; developing the human
resource to embrace the corporate vision and commitment to excellence; continually
improving tools available in information technology have all had a major impact on
company success. Can such principles be applied to the fresh fruit and vegetable
industry that tends to be characterised by large numbers of small growers in
dispersed locations with disparate products of variable quality, and who exist in an
environment of mistrust and dubious loyalties? Examples from New Zealand of
success (ZESPRI International Ltd) and opportunity (the stone fruit industry) are

used to demonstrate some of the difficulties that must be overcome to bring about
necessary changes in the chain. It is suggested that those sectors that do not
implement appropriate SCM systems run a real risk of failure in the foreseeable
future.

INTRODUCTION AND WELCOME
On behalf of the President of the International Society for Horticultural Science
(ISHS), Dr Norman Looney, and the ISHS Board, I welcome you all to this the third
meeting of your international, multidisciplinary group concerned with fruit and vegetable
quality.
As Chair of the Quality and Postharvest Commission I am delighted that you
decided to bring your meeting into the ISHS fold. We are a cross commodity Commission
with more than 200 members who have interests in fruit and vegetable quality from
orchard to plate, from physiology to pathology and from molecular biology to modeling.
It is hoped that this meeting will become a regular part of our postharvest series, joining
general postharvest horticulture, Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Postharvest Unlimited
(which had its first meeting in 2002), and Model-It, each of which has a meeting every 3-
4 years. Our Commission now sponsors at least one major international Postharvest
Symposium each year.
I would encourage you to become a Working Group within the Quality and
Postharvest Commission. Working Groups are the heart of the ISHS. They are made up of
keen, enthusiastic and committed individuals from a diverse range of professional
backgrounds, who want to organise regular symposia on their specialised field of interest.
I want to encourage the multidisciplinary activities of our Commission and build up

Proc. Int. Conf. Quality in Chains
Eds. Tijskens & Vollebregt 37
Acta Hort. 604, ISHS 2003

An Analysis of the Importance of Ripeness to Consumers in the United States When Making a Purchase Decision for Peaches, Plums, and Nectarines

An Analysis of the Importance of Ripeness to Consumers in the United
States When Making a Purchase Decision for Peaches, Plums, and
Nectarines

Marianne McGarry Wolf, Adam J. Martin and Tina Cagianut
Agribusiness
California Polytechnic State University
San Luis Obispo, California
USA

Keywords: Stone Fruit, Ripeness, Ripe Label, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines

Abstract
This research examines consumers’ purchasing behavior in the stone fruit
market. The most important factors that influence the decision to purchase peaches,
plums, and nectarines are: that the product is safe to eat, healthy, sweet, it looks
good, is a good value for the money, firmness, and ripeness. Consumers are
unfamiliar with brix, acidity, and pressure concerning stone fruit. Simulated test
marketing was used to expose consumers to peaches, plums, and nectarines with a
Tested Ripe Label. The label had a positive impact on purchase interest, fifty-four
percent of consumers indicated that they would probably or definitely purchase
more stone fruit with the tested ripe label. The consumers that indicated an increase
in purchase interest were profiled. These consumers find it more difficult to
determine ripeness of peaches, plums and nectarines. Those that would purchase
more stone fruit with a tested ripe label are more likely to purchase a different fruit
if the grocery store does not have their desired fruit or if it does not appear ripe.
Further, they are likely to purchase a higher quality stone fruit if it were more
expensive.

INTRODUCTION
Consumers are drawn to both appearance and merchandising of stone fruit.
According to Fresh Trends 2002, stone fruit purchasers would like to have the ability to
purchase fruit based on specific ripeness. Also, consumers perceive branded products as
safer, fresher and of higher quality than non-branded products. Some of the most frequent
consumer complaints heard in the retail produce department concern the inconsistent
quality of fruit available (Crisosto and Day, 1995). A frequent consumer complaint is that
the fruit available for retail sale is often dry and flavorless while another complaint
indicated fresh fruit supplied had inconsistent quality (Fresh Trends 2002). The two main
reasons for low consumption of stone fruits are post harvest internal breakdown of the
fruit (i.e. flesh mealiness, browning and lack of flavor) and fruit with hard consistency at
consumption (Crisosto, C. et al., 2000). Fruit appearance, color and price are the top three
attributes of fresh produce purchases; however, consumers are willing to pay more for
quality or value-added features (Fresh Trends, 2002). Consumers pick fruit based
primarily on outward appearance and have difficulty consistently judging and purchasing
products for maturity based on appearance alone (Fresh Trends 2002).
The California Tree Fruit Agreement found that consumers prefer peaches and
nectarines with a red color, that can be bred into the fruit. Also, Chris Fisher of agAccess,
a Davis, California-based consulting firm, suggests that consumers want peaches, plums,
and nectarines, but do not get a “uniform eating experience.” To boost consumer demand
the CTFA is incorporating new ripening protocols. This research examines consumers of
peaches, plums, and nectarines to determine satisfaction with stone fruit and the factors
affecting purchasing behavior. In addition, consumer reaction to a label that indicates fruit
ripeness is examined.

Proc. Int. Conf. Quality in Chains
Eds. Tijskens & Vollebregt 61
Acta Hort. 604, ISHS 2003

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