KOMODITAS ANGGREK

KOMODITAS ANGGREK
PROQUEST 2004 (30 Judul)
Salvatore Cozzolino, Donata Cafasso, Giuseppe Pellegrino, Aldo Musacchio, Alex
Widmer
Hypervariable plastid locus variation and intron evolution in the Anacamptis palustris
lineage
Genome. Ottawa:Dec 2004. Vol. 47, Iss. 6, p. 999-1003 (5 pp.)
Abstract
Data on the organization of a hypervariable chloroplast locus I Anacamptis
palustris ( Orchidaceae) lineage are provided and used to infer the pattern of molecular
evolution in this group. A large survey of sequence variation in A. palustris and allied taxa
reveals several repeat types differing in number and organization that occur in the same
plastid region. The resulting repeat type network suggests that at least seven different
minisatellite loci evolved near each other in the tRNA^sup LEU^ intron and indicates the
presence of at least three main phyletic lines in the A. palustris lineage. [PUBLICATION
ABSTRACT
Key words: Anacamptis palustris, intron evolution, plastid DNA, tandem repeat,
VNTRs.Data on the organization of a hypervariable chloroplast locus in
then Anacamptis palustris (Orchidaceae) lineage are provided and used to infer the
pattern of molecular evolution in this group. A large survey of sequence variation
in A. palustris and allied taxa reveals several repeat types differing in number and
organization that occur in the same plastid region. The resulting repeat type network
suggests that at least seven different minisatellite loci evolved near each other in
the tRNALEU intron and indicates the presence of at least three main phyletilines
in the A. palustris lineage.
Anonymous.
A Flower Of A Different Color
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Dec 2004. Vol. 22, Iss. 14, p. 108 (1 pp.)
Abstract
CLEMATIS '[Killian Donahue]' from Donahues Clematis Specialists flowers open ruby red
at the center, fades to brilliant fuchsia, and then orchid color at the edge of each petal.
Tovah Martin
plants worth having
Organic Gardening. Emmaus:Dec 2004/Jan 2005. Vol. 52, Iss. 1, p. 64 (1 pp.)
Abstract
With big, grinning elf-faced flowers perched atop elegant spikes, the
lady slipper orchid is the perfect winter blah-buster. Tips on how to grow the plant are
offered.
L. DAVIES, M. P. TURNER
Pseudopollen in Eria Lindl. Section Mycaranthes Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae) Annals of Botany.
Oxford:Nov 2004. Vol. 94, Iss. 5, p. 707
Abstract
* Background and Aims Pseudopollen is a whitish, mealy material produced upon the
labella of a number of orchid species as labellar hairs either become detached or
fragment. Since individual hair cells are rich in protein and starch, it has long been
speculated that pseudopollen functions as a reward for visiting insects. Although some 90
years have passed since Beck first described pseudopollen for a small number of Eria
spp. currently assigned to section Mycaranthes Rchb.f., we still know little about the
character of pseudopollen in this taxon. The use of SEM and histochemistry would readdress
this deficit in our knowledge whereas comparison of pseudopollen in Eria (S.E.
Asia), Maxillaria (tropical and sub-tropical America), Polystachya (largely tropical Africa
and Madagascar) and Dendrobium unicum (Thailand and Laos) would perhaps help us to
understand better how this feature may have arisen and evolved on a number of different
continents. * Methods Pseudopollen morphology is described using light microscopy and
scanning electron microscopy. Hairs were tested for starch, lipid and protein using IKI,
Sudan III and the xanthoproteic test, respectively.* Key Results and Conclusions The
labellar hairs of all eight representatives of section Mycaranthes examined are identical.
They unicellular, clavate with a narrow 'stalk' and contain both protein and starch but no
detectable lipid droplets. The protein is distributed throughout the cytoplasm and the
starch is confined to amyloplasts. The hairs become detached from the labellar surface
and bear raised cuticular ridges and flaky deposits that are presumed to be wax. In that
they are unicellular and appear to bear wax distally, the labellar hairs are significantly
different from those observed for other orchid species. Comparative morphology indicates
that they evolved independently in response to pollinator pressures similar to those
experienced by other unrelated pseudopollen-forming orchids on other continents.
Johanne Maad, Lars Gunnar Reinhammar
Incidence of geitonogamy differs between two populations in the hawkmoth-pollinated
Platanthera bifolia (Orchidaceae)
Canadian Journal of Botany. Ottawa:Nov 2004. Vol. 82, Iss. 11, p. 1586-1593 (8 pp.)
Abstract
We estimated geitonogamy in individuals with different inflorescence sizes in a small
(100-200 flowering individuals) and a large population (>700 flowering individuals) of the
self-compatible, moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia (L.) L. C. Rich. (Orchidaceae).
Geitonogamy was estimated as the percent reduction in pollen receipt by
emasculatedcompared with control plants over seven nights. Geitonogamy in the
smallpopulation was 23% and 38% during 2 years, respectively. In contrast,
nogeitonogamy was detected during a single flowering season in the large population.
Geitonogamy did not vary with inflorescence size and emasculation had no impact on fruit
set. The difference in geitonogamy between the populations in the present study may be
related to pollinator abundance and behaviour. We suggest that incidence of geitonogamy
will be higher if the pollinator carries smaller pollen loads when arriving at aplant because
there will be a smaller fraction of cross-pollen carried after visiting one flower.
Geitonogamy may be influenced by available number of mates, pollen load size, pollinator
behaviour, and pollen carryover. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Key words: geitonogamy, population size, inflorescence size,
pollen-limitation, pollen carryover, self-pollination.
Ming-Ju Lin, Ban-Dar Hsu.
Photosynthetic plasticity of Phalaenopsis in response to different light environments
Journal of Plant Physiology. Stuttgart:Nov 2004. Vol. 161, Iss. 11, p. 1259-68 (10
pp.)
Abstract
The ability of a plant to dynamically acclimate to different light environments is, in general,
genetically determined. Phalaenopsis amabilis is a CAM orchid with heavy self-shading.
The aim of this study was to find out how the photosynthetic capacity of its mature lower
leaves acclimates to the low light environment, and whether it possessed a potential for
reacclimation following transfer of lower leaves to higher irradiance. We found that the
photosynthetic performance of the leaves of Phalaenopsis was flexibly and reversibly
adjusted to growth irradiance, making it possible to improve the light environment of the
plant by increasing light exposure of lower leaves and bring about a higher photosynthetic
production. We have tested the effectiveness of a simple setup using mirrors to augment
light from the side and thus enhanced the irradiance inn the shaded area of the plant. Both
photosynthesis and starch contents of leaves as well as the number of flowers per plant
increased greatly.
Anonymous.
PRIME ORCHID
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Oct 2004. Vol. 22, Iss. 12, p. 13 (1 pp.)
Craig E Martin, T-C Lin, K-C Lin, C-C Hsu, W-L Chiou
Simply lovely, " she said of the Cattleya orchid. Causes and consequences of high
osmotic potentials in epiphytic higher plants .
Journal of Plant Physiology. Stuttgart:Oct 2004. Vol. 161, Iss. 10, p. 1119-24 6 pp.)
Abstract
Past reports of the water relations of epiphytes, particularly bromeliads, indicate that
tissue osmotic potentials in these tropical and subtropical plants are very high (close to
zero) and are similar to values bfor aquatic plants. This is puzzling because several
ecophysiological studies have revealed a high degree of drought stress tolerance in some
of these epiphytes. The goal of this study was two-fold: (1) to increase th number of
epiphytic taxa sampled for tissue osmotic potentials; and (2) to explain the apparent
discrepancy in the significance of the tissue water relations and tolerance of drought
stress in epiphytes. Tissue osmotic potentials of 30 species of epiphytic ferns, lycophytes,
and orchids were measured in a subtropical rain forest in northeastern Taiwan. Nearly all
values were less negative than -1.0 MPa, in line with all previous data for epiphytes. It is
argued that such high osmotic potentials, indicative n of low solute concentrations, are the
result of environmental constraints of the epiphytic habitat on productivity of these plants,
and that low rates of photosynthesis and transpiration delay the onset of turgor loss in
the tissues of epiphytes such that they appear to be very drought-stress tolerant.
Maintenance of photosynthetic activity long into drought periods is ascribed to low rates of
transpiration and, hence, delayed tissue desiccation, and hydration of the photosynthetic
tissue at the expense of water from the water-storage parenchyma.
Limousin takes beef title
Farmers Guardian. Tonbridge:Sep 17, 2004. p. 88
Abstract
Standing under Orchid for the inter-breed award and collecting the show's native beef
breed trophy was the Aberdeen-Angus champion, the bull Linburn Echo from Pamela
Holliday of Dacre, Harrogate. The three-and-a-half-year-old bull is a son of Netherton
Lord Jock and was bred in Scotland by Elizabeth Stevenson. The bull was
buildingonsuccesses at the Great Yorkshire and Royal Shows and comes from a herd
based on about 50 breeding cows.
Anonymous.
Hurricane Charley Rips Through Florida
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Sep 2004. Vol. 22, Iss. 10, p. 9 (1 pp.)
Abstract
I was up at the SNA show and they didn't know until about three or four hours in
advance," recalls McCland, who adds employees thought they were out of harm's way
until the storm switched paths off the coast of Florida. McCland left SNA early and rented
a car with others to drive from Atlanta eight hours back home. "The biggest problem we
have is we have all orchids and the poly was ripped off (the greenhouses].
Shu-Fung Lo, Satish Manohar Nalawade, Chao-Lin Kuo, Chung-Li Chen,
Hsin-Sheng Tsay. ASYMBIOTIC GERMINATION OF IMMATURE SEEDS, PLANTLET
DEVELOPMENT AND EX VITRO ESTABLISHMENT OF PLANTS OF DENDROBIUM
TOSAENSE MAKINO - A MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT ORCHID
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.: Plant Columbia:Sep/Oct 2004. Vol. 40,
Iss. 5, p. 528-535 (8 pp.)
VÍCTOR PARRA-TABLA, CARLOS F. VARGAS
Phenology and Phenotypic Natural Selection on the Flowering Time of a Deceit-pollinated
Tropical Orchid, Myrmecophila christinae .
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Aug 2004. Vol. 94, Iss. 2, p. 243
Abstract
* Background and aims. Flowering phenology is described and the effect of flowering time
on pollination success is evaluated in the deceit-pollinated tropical orchid, Myrmecophila
christinae. It was expected that, due to this species' deceit pollination strategy and low
observed pollinator visit rate, there would be a higher probability of natural selection
events favouring individuals flowering away from the population flowering peak *
Methods. The study covers two consecutive years and four populations of M. christinae
located along the north coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. For phenological and pollination
success data, a total of 110 individuals were monitored weekly in 1998, and 83 individuals
in 1999, during all the flowering and fruiting season. * Key results. The results showed
significant differences in the probability of donating and receiving pollen throughout the
flowering season. The probability of receiving or donating pollen increased the further an
individual flowering was from the flowering peak. Regression analysis showed directional
and disruptive phenotypic natural selection gradients, suggesting the presence of
selection events unfavourable to flowering during flowering peak, for both male success
(pollen removal) and female success (fruit production). However, the intensity
ansignificance of the natural selection events varied between populations from year to
year. The variation between seasons and populations was apparently due to variations in
the density of reproductive individuals in each population and each season * Conclusions.
As in other deceit-pollinated orchids, natural selection in M. christinae favours individuals
flowering early or late in relation to population peak flowering. However, results also
suggested a fluctuating regime of selective events act on flowering time of M. christinae.
R Larry Peterson, Hugues B Massicotte
Exploring structural definitions of mycorrhizas, with emphasis on nutrient-exchange
interfaces1 .
Canadian Journal of Botany. Ottawa:Aug 2004. Vol. 82, Iss. 8, p. 1074-1088 (15 pp.)
Abstract
The roots or other subterranean organs of most plants develop symbioses, mycorrhizas,
with fungal symbionts. Historically, mycorrhizas have been placed into seven categories
based primarily on structural characteristics. A new category has been proposed for
symbiotic associations of some leafy liverworts. An important feature of mycorrhizas is the
interface involved in nutrient exchange between the symbionts. With the exception of
ectomycorrhizas, in which fungal hyphae remain external to plant cell walls, all
mycorrhizas are characterized by fungal hyphae breaching cell walls but remaining
separated from the cell cytoplasm by a plant-derived membrane and an interfacial matrix
that forms an apoplastic compartment. The chemical composition of the interfacial matrix
varies in complexity. In arbuscular mycorrhizas (both Arum-type and Pans-type),
molecules typical of plant primary cell walls (i.e., cellulose, pectins,
²-1,3-glucans, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins) are present. In ericoid mycorrhizas, only
rhamnogalacturonans occur in the interfacial matrix surrounding intracellular hyphal
complexes. The matrix around intracellular hyphal complexes in orchid mycorrhizas lacks
plant cell wall compounds until hyphae begin to senesce, then molecules similar to those
found in primary cell walls are deposited. The interfacial matrix has not been studied in
arbutoid mycorrhizas and ectendomycorrhizas. In ectomycorrhizas, the apoplastic
interface consists of plant cell wall and fungal cell wall; alterations in these may enhance
nutrient transfer. In all mycorrhizas, nutrients must pass into the symplast of both partners
at some point, and therefore current research is exploring the nature of the opposing
membranes, particularly in relation to phosphorus and sugar ransporters.
Key words: interface, apoplastic compartment, Hartig net, arbuscule,
intracellular complex, nutrient exchange.
Rogério M Suzuki, Gilberto B Kerbauy, Gilmar R Zaffari
Endogenous hormonal levels and growth of dark-incubated shoots of
Catasetum fimbriatum
Journal of Plant Physiology. Stuttgart:Aug 2004. Vol. 161, Iss. 8, p. 929-35 (7pp.)
Abstract
Apical shoots and Lateral buds of the epiphytic orchid Catasetum fimbriatum give rise to
rootless etiolated stolons, when cultured in the presence of light and then transferred to
the dark. The stolons are characterized by fast and continuous apical longitudinal growth.
Measurements of four endogenous cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid
(ABA) levels in etiolated shoots and light-grown plants were low. However, after transfer of
green plants to the dark, cytokinin Levels increased 3- and 7-fold by 10 and 30 days of
incubation, respectively. IAA evels also increased significantly, but the increase was not
as great as for cytokinins. A similar trend was observed in the roots. A close relationship
seems to exist between both cytokinin accumulation and the formation of etiolated stolons.
Variations in ABA levels were practically inconspicuous. The presence of paclobutrazol in
the medium, a potent inhibitor of gibberellin synthesis, strongly inhibited etiolated and
non-etiolated longitudinal shoot growth, although no apparent effect was observed on
apical meristem activity.
Orchid specimen stolen from wild
Anonymous. Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jul 29, 2004. p. 5 (1 pp.)
One of Britain's two wild Cypripedium calceolus orchid specimens has
been stolen from its natural habitat.
Four DEF-Like MADS Box Genes Displayed Distinct Floral Morphogenetic Roles
in Phalaenopsis Orchid
Wen-Chieh Tsai, Chang-Sheng Kuoh, Ming-Hsiang Chuang, Wen-Huei Chen,
Hong-Hwa Chen.
Plant & Cell Physiology. Oxford:Jul 15, 2004. Vol. 45,Iss. 7, p. 831-44
Abstract
The complex flower organization of orchids offers an opportunity to discover new variant
genes and different levels of complexity in the morphogenesis of flowers. In this study,
four B-class Phalaenopsis DEF-like MADS-box genes were identified and characterized,
including PeMADS2, PeMADS3, PeMADS4 and PeMADS5. Differential expression
profiles of these genes were detected in the floral organs of P. equestris, suggesting
distinctive roles in the floral morphogenesis of orchids. Furthermore, expressions of these
genes were varied to different extents in the peloric mutants with lip-like petals.
Expression of PeMADS4 was in lips and columns of wild type, and it extended to the liplike
petals in the peloric mutant. Expression of PeMADS5 was mainly in petals and to a
lesser extent in columns in the wild type, whereas it was completely eliminated in the
peloric mutant. Disruption of the PeMADS5 promoter region of the peloric mutant was
detected at nucleotide +312 relative to the upstream of translational start codon,
suggesting that a DNA rearrangement has occurred in the peloric mutant. Genomic
structure analysis of the PeMADS5 showed that the exon length was conserved in exons
1-6, similar to DEF-like genes of other plants. Collectively, this is the first report that four
DEF-like MADS genes were identified in a single monocotyledonous species and that they
may play distinctive morphogenetic roles in the floral development of an orchid. The
complex flower organization of orchids offers an opportunity to discover new variant genes
and different levels of complexity in the morphogenesis of flowers. In this study, four Bclass
Phalaenopsis DEF-like MADS-box genes were identified and characterized,
including PeMADS2, PeMADS3, PeMADS4 and PeMADS5. Differential expression
profiles of these genes were detected in the floral organs of P. equestris, suggesting
distinctive roles in the floral morphogenesis of orchids. Furthermore, expressions of these
genes were varied to different extents in the peloric mutants with lip-like petals.
Expression of PeMADS4 was in lips and columns of wild type, and it extended to the liplike
petals in the peloric mutant. Expression of PeMADS5 was mainly in petals and to a
lesser extent in columns in the wild type, whereas it was completely eliminated in the
peloric mutant. Disruption of the PeMADS5 promoter region of the peloric mutant was
detected at nucleotide +312 relative to the upstream of translational start codon,
suggesting that a DNA rearrangement has occurred in the peloric mutant. Genomic
structure analysis of the PeMADS5 showed that the exon length was conserved in exons
1-6, similar o DEF-like genes of other plants. Collectively, this is the first report that our
DEF-like MADS genes were identified in a single monocotyledonous species and that they
may play distinctive morphogenetic roles in the floral development of an orchid.
K. L. DAVIES, M. P. TURNER
Pseudopollen in Dendrobium unicum Seidenf. (Orchidaceae): Reward or
Deception?
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Jul 2004. Vol. 94, Iss. 1, p. 129
Abstract
* Background and Aims In 1987, Kjellsson and Rasmussen described themlabellar
trichomes of Dendrobium unicum Seidenf. and proposed that these hairs function as
pseudopollen. Pseudopollen is a mealy material that superficially resembles pollen, is
usually laden with food substances and is formed when labellar hairs either fragment into
individual cells or become detached from the labellum. However, the trichomes of D.
unicum are very different from pseudopollen-forming hairs found in other orchid genera
such as Maxillaria and Polystachya. Moreover, Kjellsson and Rasmussen were unable to
demonstrate the presence of food substances within these trichomes and argued that
even in the absence of food substances, the hairs, in that they superficially resemble
pollen, can still attract insects by deceit. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the
labellar trichomes of D. unicum contain food reserves and thus reward potential pollinators
or whether they are devoid of foods and attract insects solely by mimicry. * Methods Light
microscopy, histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy * Key Results
Dendrobium unicum produces pseudopollen. Pseudopollen here, however, differs from
that previously described for other orchid genera in that the pseudopollen-forming
trichomes consist of a stalk cell and a 'head' of component cells that separate at maturity,
in contrast to Maxillaria and some Polystachya spp. where pseudopollen is formed by the
fragmentation of moniliform hairs. Moreover, the pseudopollen of Maxillaria and
Polystachya largely contains protein, whereas in D. unicum the main food substance is
starch. * Conclusions Flowers of D. unicum, rather than attracting insects solely by deceit
may also reward potential pollinators.
CARLOS A. LEHNEBACH, ALASTAIR W ROBERTSON
Pollination Ecology of Four Epiphytic Orchids of New Zealand
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Jun2004. Vol. 93, Iss. 6, p. 773-781 (9 pp.)
Abstract
* Background and Aims In New Zealand epiphytic orchids are epresented by four genera
and eight species. The genera Earina (three species) and Winika (one species) are the
most conspicuous and widespread. These are likely to be some of the southernmost
distributed genera of epiphytic orchids in the world. * Methods To identify the pollination
strategies that have evolved inn these orchids, hand-pollination treatments were done and
floral visitors were observed in several wild populations at two areas of southern North
Island (approx. 40°S). Pollen : ovule ratio and osmophores were also studied and the total
carbohydrate content of the nectar produced by each species was measured. * Key
results Earina autumnalis and Earina mucronata are self-compatible, whereas Earina
aestivalis and Winika cunninghamii appear to be partially self-incompatible. All four
orchids are incapable of autonomous selfing and therefore completely dependent on
pollinators to set fruits. Floral visitors observed in the genus Earina belong to Diptera,
Coleoptera and Hymenoptera and to Diptera and Hymenoptera in W. cunninghamii. *
Conclusions Contrary to many epiphytic orchids in the tropics, the orchid-pollinator
relationship in these orchids is unspecialized and flowers are visited by a wide range of
insects. Putative pollinators are flies of the families Bibionidae, Calliphoridae, Syrphidae
and Tachinidae. All four orchids display anthecological adaptations to a myophilous
pollination system such as simple flowers, well-exposed reproductive structures, easily
accessed nectar and high pollen : ovule ratios.
RODRIGO B. SINGER, ADRIANA FLACH, SAMANTHA KOEHLER, ANITA J.
MARSAIOLI,MARIA DO CARMO E. AMARAL
Sexual Mimicry in Mormolyca ringens (Lindl.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae)
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Jun 2004. Vol. 93, Iss. 6, p. 755-762 (8 pp.)
Abstract
* Background and Aims Pollination through sexual mimicry, also known as
pseudocopulation, has been suggested to occur in some genera of the Neotropical orchid
subtribe Maxillariinae. However, it has been demonstrated so far only for Trigonidium
obtusum. This study reports and illustrates pollination through sexual mimicry in
Mormolyca ringens. * Methods A total of 70 h were dedicated to the observation of flowers
and pollinator behaviour, which was photographically recorded. Flower features involved
in pollinator attraction were studied using a stereomicroscope and by SEM analyses.
Preliminary observations on the plant breeding system were made by manually selfpollinating
flowers. The chemical composition of the fragrance volatiles was determined by
GC/MS analysis. * Key Results The flower features of M. ringens parallel those of other
pseudocopulatory flowers. The labellum shape and indument are reminiscent of an insect.
Sexually excited drones of Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Scaptotrigona sp. (both in the
Apidae: Meliponini) attempt copulation with the labellum and pollinate the flower in the
process. In both bee species, the pollinarium is attached to the scutellum. Pollinator
behaviour may promote some degree of self-pollination, but preliminary
observationsndicate that M. ringens flowers are self-incompatible. Flowers are produced
all the year round, which ties in with the production of bee males several times a year. The
phylogenetic relationships of M. ringens are discussed and a number of morphological
and phenological features supporting them are reported.m * Conclusions It is expected
that further research could bring to light whether other Maxillariinae species are also
pollinated through sexual mimicry. When a definitive and robust phylogeny of this subtribe
is available, it should be possible to determine how many times pseudocopulation evolved
and its possible evolutionary history.
Ross G Kreamer
Focus on Emerging Chinese Market: Kunming
AgExporter. Washington:May 2004. Vol. 16, Iss. 5, p. 12-13 (2 pp.)
Abstract
Yunnan's sunny climate also supports a range of tropical and
temperate horticultural products-fruits, mushrooms, cut flowers and
high-value orchids. Kunming's flower market is a must-see destination for
tourists.
Amanda Galloway.
Excessive watering leads to damage
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Apr 8, 2004. p. 19 (2 pp.)
Container-grown stock is thought to be particularly vulnerable to oedema. Others of noted
susceptibility include species of Camellia, Pelargonium, Fuchsia, cactus, orchid and fern.
[Phil Griffiths] adds: "Oedema may be mistaken for scorching by the sun and so, in an
attempt to cure it, people shade the plants, raise the temperature and apply more water.
This only increases the problem. A proper awareness and diagnosis of oedema is,
therefore, very important."
Anonymous.
Study reveals a risk of extinction
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Apr 1, 2004. p. 8 (1 pp.)
Abstract
The Natural Environment Research Council funded the study. It found that loss of habitat
is the main reason for the decline of plant numbers. Esthwaite's waterweed, summer
lady's-tresses, Irish heath, dense flowered orchid and ghost orchid are all extinct.
B S Luna-Rosales, A Barba-Alvarez
In Vitro Seed Germination and Development of Epiphytic and Terrestrial
Orchids of Mexico
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.: Animal ABSTRACT Columbia:Spring 2004.
Vol. 40, p. 57A (1 pp.)
M R Boase, T A Lill, D Patel, X Y Wang
Transformation of New Zealand Cultivars of Cymbidium Orchids
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.: Animal ABSTRACT Columbia:Spring 2004.
Vol. 40, p. 66A (1 pp.)
Ya-Fu Lee, Lucia Liu Severinghaus
SEXUAL AND SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE DIET OF LANYU SCOPS OWLS
BASED ON FECAL ANALYSIS
Journal of Wildlife Management. Bethesda:Apr 2004. Vol. 68, Iss. 2, p. 299-306 (8
pp.)
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism in bird species has been claimed to reduce intersexual food
competition and expand the species' overall feeding niche, yet quantitative diet information
is known for only a few species. Lanyu scops owl (Otus elegans), a nocturnal insectivore
on Lanyu (also called Orchid Island, southeast of Taiwan), has larger females than males.
Lanyu scops owls rarely produce pellets, rendering quantification of its diet particularly
difficult. We studied the diet of wild Lanyu scops owls through fecal analysis and verified
the reliability of our method with a captive owl. Our results showed that fecal analysis was
more reliable than observation alone because observations often missed small prey items
and resulted in a much higher proportion of prey being unidentified. The feces of 81 Lanyu
scops owls showed that orthopterans, beetles, moths, spiders, and centipedes constituted
67% of the total occurrences and >80% of the volume in their diet. Between the breeding
and nonbreeding season, owl diets differed slightly in proportion but not in food types.
Intersexual diet differences existed for both the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Adult
males ate a higher proportion of aerial insects than did adult females, which is consistent
with the prediction that smaller males are more agile than larger females in capturing
aerial insects. Male owls ate a lower proportion of terrestrial arthropods than did both
females and juveniles in the breeding season, perhaps due to differential use of forest
strata when foraging by male and female owls. Fecal analysis provides more reliable
information on the diet of insectivorous owls than observations alone and is a non-invasive
option for studying the diet of rare or threatened owls.]
Key words: diet, fecal analysis, Lanyu scops owl, Orchid Island, Otus
elegans, seasonal differences, sexual dimorphism, Taiwan.
Geoff Sawyer.
Gorsebusters tackle scientific site
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Mar 18, 2004. p. 5 (1 pp.)
Abstract
One of the reasons for the attack is because the site features plants such as Schoenus
nigricans, the black bog-rush, Menyanthes trifoliata, them bog bean, Hydrocotyle vulgaris,
the water pennywort and Dactylorhiza maculata, the heath-spotted orchid.
KOMODITAS ANGGREK
PROQUEST 2005 (24 Judul)
Marlin Bowles, Lawrence Zettler, Timothy Bell, Patrick Kelsey.
Relationships Between Soil Characteristics, Distribution and Restoration Potential of The
Federal Threatened Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid, Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.
The American Midland Naturalist. Notre Dame:Oct 2005. Vol. 154, Iss. 2, p. 273-285
(13 pp.)
Abstract
The Federal threatened eastern prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera leucophaea) occupies
prairies, sedge meadows, bogs and fens, primarily north of the Wisconsinan glacial
boundary. In the Midwest, where restoration is a recovery objective, its southern
distribution is thought to be limited by the transition from nutrient-rich Wisconsinan-aged
soils to more acidic nutrient poor soils of Illinoian-aged glacial drift. To better understand
edaphic factors affecting its distribution and potential for establishment of new
populations, we analyzed soil characteristics across the range of habitats occupied by
this species, as well as from unoccupied habitats on the Illinoian Till Plain. We found that
P. leucophaea occupies a complex edaphic gradient in variation of % organic matter,
base content and soil texture. On Wisconsinan-aged substrates, it occurs in circumneutral
base-rich organic prairie soils in Illinois and Wisconsin and in less calcareous soils
with slightly higher pH and lower organic matter content in Michigan lake plain prairies.
Eastern sand prairie and sedge meadow habitats on Wisconsinan-aged drift and on
unglaciated soils are moderately acid and nutrient poor, while bog and fen habitats are
more strongly acidic and highly organic, with no evidence for an underlying calcareous
substrate. In comparison, unoccupied prairie soils on the Illinoian till plain have lower pH,
% organic matter and base concentrations. These soils also have relatively high % silt
content which results in comparatively low available soil moisture holding capacity. This
combination of soil conditions may exceed the tolerance limits of P. leucophaea and
prevent this species from occurring south of the Wisconsin glacial boundary in the
Midwest. On the other extreme, calcareous fens have high pH levels as well as extremely
high calcium concentrations, which may exceed the tolerance limits of this species. These
findings have implications for guiding efforts to establish P. leucophaea into habitats that
should be suitable for this species. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Matthew Appleby
Life on the brink
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Aug 4, 2005. p. 15 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Professional growers' expertise in cultivating rare plants is something [SARA OLDFIELD]
wants to bring to BGCI. The organisation is working with botanic garden network
PlantNetwork to produce a database of propagating techniques to which professional
growers may be able to contribute. Oldfield says the trade has played a "significant role"
in preserving orchids and cacti and can further exchange ideas.
K. L. DAVIES, M. STPICZYNSKA, A. GREGG
Nectar-secreting Floral Stomata in Maxillaria anceps Ames & C. Schweinf.
(Orchidaceae)
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Aug 2005. Vol. 96, Iss. 2, p. 217
Abstract
* Background and Aims Although it was generally assumed that Maxillaria spp. do not
produce nectar, in recent years, nectar has been eported for a number of these orchids.
Nevertheless, our current understanding of nectary structure and nectar secretion in
Maxillaria is based solely on M. coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge, which, since it
shows many features characteristic of ornithophilous flowers, is atypical of this largely
entomophilous genus. The aim of the present paper is to describe, for the first time,
nectar secretion in a presumed entomophilous species of Maxillaria * Methods The
structure of the nectary of M. anceps Ames & C. Schweinf., nectar composition and the
process of nectar secretion were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron
microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, histochemistry, refractometry and high
performance liquid chromatography * Key Results and Conclusions Nectar appears as
droplets that are exuded by modified stomata borne upon the labellar callus and collects
upon the labellum and at the base of the column-foot. Although such stomata are n
known to occur in a number of angiosperm families, this is the first time for them to be
observed in orchids. The callus consists largely of parenchyma with raphides and is
supplied by eight to ten collateral bundles. This tissue, together with the single-layered
epidermis, seemingly contains terpenoids. During the bud stage, the callus cells contain
an organelle complement consistent with secretory cells whereas by day 4 of anthesis,
much of the cell is occupied by a vacuole. The nectar b is sucrose-dominant but also
contains low concentrations of glucose, fructose, free amino acids and possibly
terpenoids. The high sugar concentration (approx. 66 %) is consistent with melittophily
and may indicate that, like the majority of Maxillaria spp., M. anceps is visited by stingless
bees (Meliponini).
C Eken, S Ercisli, A Esitken, E Demirci, G Y Yuen
First Report of Crown and Stem Rot of Orchid (Orchis palustris) Caused by Sclerotinia
minor
. Plant Disease. St. Paul:Aug 2005. Vol. 89, Iss. 8, p. 913 (1 pp.)
Anonymous.
Orchids stolen from conservation area are unlikely to survive
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jul 7, 2005. p. 5 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Merseyside Police wildlife crime officer PC Andy McWilliam said: "Even though these
orchids were not endangered, people should be warned that taking flowers for their own
gardens can affect the biological balance of the countryside."
SHIBAO ZHANG, HONG HU, ZHEKUN ZHOU, KUN XU, NING YAN, SHUYUN LI.
Photosynthesis in Relation to Reproductive Success of Cypripedium flavum
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Jul 2005. Vol. 96, Iss. 1, p. 43
Abstract
* Background and Aims Cypripedium flavum is a rare, endemic alpine slipper orchid of
China, which is under threat from excessive collection and habitat changes. Conservation
and re-introduction of C. flavum is restricted by lack of knowledge of the plant's
photosynthesis and how that affects reproductive success. The hypothesis is tested that
reproductive success is determined by photosynthetic production. * Methods To
understand the photosynthetic characteristics and adaptation of C. flavum to alpine
environments, and the relation to reproductive success, measurements were made at
four field sites with varying degrees of forest cover in the Hengduan Mountains, southwest
China. * Key Results Both photosynthetic capacity and reproductive traits of C.
flavum are affected by light availability. Photosynthetic rate (A) is greatest around noon,
following the pattern of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at all sites. Cypripedium
flavum has highest daily mean photosynthetic rate (A daily ) and light-saturated
photosynthetic rate (A max ) under a half to a third of full sunlight. High radiation
decreased A. However, the optimum temperature for photosynthesis was similar (18-20
°C) at all sites. * Conclusions The quotient of daily mean photosynthetic rate to light
saturated photosynthesis (A daily /A max ) is positively correlated with the ramet number
m -2 and percentage of fruiting of C. flavum. The A daily /A max ratio is a useful proxy for
evaluating reproductive success of C. flavum.
Wen-Chieh Tsai, Pei-Fang Lee, Hong-Ie Chen, Yu-Yun Hsiao, Wan-Ju Wei, Zhao-Jun
Pan, Ming-Hsiang Chuang, Chang-Sheng Kuoh, Wen-Huei Chen, Hong-Hwa Chen
PeMADS6, a GLOBOSA/PISTILLATA-like Gene in
Phalaenopsis equestris Involved in Petaloid Formation, and Correlated with
Flower Longevity and Ovary Development
Plant & Cell Physiology. Oxford:Jul 2005. Vol. 46, Iss. 7, p. 1125-39
Abstract
\In this study, we isolated and characterized the function of a GLOBOSA/PISTILLATA-like
gene, PeMADS6, from a native Phalaenopsis species, P. equestris. Southern blot
analysis showed PeMADS6 as a single copy in the Phalaenopsis genome. Results of the
determination of temporal and spatial expression showed that PeMADS6 was expressed
and thus participated in the development of the sepals, petals, labellum and column I
Phalaenopsis. Further confirmation of the expression pattern of PeMADS6 was carried out
with in situ hybridization. Repressed expression of PeMADS6 in the orchid ovary was
found to be pollination regulated, which suggests that the gene may have an inhibitory
effect on the development of the ovary or ovule. In addition, auxin acted as the candidate
signal to regulate the repression of PeMADS6 expression in the ovary. Furthermore, the
flowers of transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically overexpressing PeMADS6 showed
the morphology of petaloid sepals, with a 3- to 4-fold increase in flower longevity.
Concomitantly, delayed fruit maturation was also observed in the transgenic Arabidopsis,
which is consistent with the inhibitory effect of PeMADS6 on the development of the
ovary. Thus, as a B-function gene, PeMADS6, not only specifies floral organ identity but
has functions in flower longevity and ovary development in orchids In this study, we
isolated and characterized the function of GLOBOSA/PISTILLATA-like gene, PeMADS6,
from a native Phalaenopsis species, P. equestris. Southern blot analysis showed
PeMADS6 as a single copy in the Phalaenopsis genome. Results of the determination of
temporal and spatial expression showed that PeMADS6 was expressed and thus
participated in the development of the sepals, petals, labellum and column I
Phalaenopsis. Further confirmation of the expression pattern of PeMADS6 was carried
out with in situ hybridization. Repressed expression of PeMADS6 in the orchid ovary was
found to be pollination regulated, which suggests that the gene may have an inhibitory
effect on the development of the ovary or ovule. In addition, auxin acted as the candidat
signal to regulate the repression of PeMADS6 expression in the ovary. Furthermore, the
flowers of transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically overexpressing PeMADS6 showed
the morphology of petaloid sepals, with a 3- to 4-fold increase in flower longevity.
Concomitantly, delayed fruit maturation was also observed in the transgenic Arabidopsis,
which is consistent with the inhibitory effect of PeMADS6 on the development of the
ovary. Thus, as a B-function gene, PeMADS6, not only specifies floral organ identity but
has functions in flower longevity and ovary development in orchids.
Anonymous.
Grow Hardy Orchids
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Jun 2005. Vol. 23, Iss. 6, p. 12 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Author William Mathis has written a new book, called "The Gardener's Guide to Growing
Hardy Perennial Orchids," as a step-by-step guide to growing hardy,...
Anonymous.
Orchids Paper plans capacity expansion
Pulp & Paper. San Francisco:Jun 2005. Vol. 79, Iss. 6, p. 12 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Oklahoma recycled tissue producer Orchids Paper Products plans to install a new paper
machine to replace two smaller units in a $27 million project using proceeds from a
pending IPO. The company said it will use the IPO to fund a 70% capacity expansion as
part of a strategy to reduce reliance on outside purchases of parent rolls. A new machine
to replace two 1950's vintage units could lower internal costs to $550/ton.
Charlotte Skov, Jim Wiley
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEOTROPICAL ORCHID BEE EUGLOSSA VIRIDISSIMA
(HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN FLORIDA
. The Florida Entomologist. Lutz:Jun 2005. Vol. 88, Iss. 2, p. 225-227 (3 pp.)
Peach Waser.
International orchid fair launches in Switzerland
Horticulture Week. Teddington:May 19, 2005. p. 7 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Swiss artist Hans Erni launched Orchideea '05 - the first international orchid fair in
Lucerne, 5-8 May-by christening the Cypripedium Hans Erni. It was one of several
introductions at what looks set to become an annual event.
M. STPICZYNSKA, K. L. DAVIES, A. GREGG.
Comparative Account of Nectary Structure in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
(Orchidaceae)
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Apr 16, 2005. Vol. 95, Iss. 5, p. 749
Abstract
* Background and Aims Despite the number of orchid species that are thought to be
pollinated by hummingbirds, our knowledge of the nectaries of these orchids is based
solely on a single species, Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge.
Nevertheless, it is predicted that such nectaries are likely to be very diverse and the
purpose of this paper is to compare the nectary and the process of nectar secretion in
Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. with that of Maxillaria coccinea so as to begin to
characterize the nectaries of presumed ornithophilous Neotropical orchids n* Methods
Light microscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy and histochemistry were used to
examine the histology and chemical composition of nectary tissue and the process of
nectar secretion in H. imbricate * Key Results and Conclusions The nectary of H.
imbricata has a vascular supply, is bound by a single-layered epidermis with few
stomata and comprises two or three layers of subepidermal secretory cells beneath
which lie several layers of palisade-like parenchymatous cells, some of which contain
raphides or mucilage. The secretory cells are collenchymatous and their walls have
numerous pits with associated plasmodesmata. They contain the full complement of
organelles characteristic of secretory cells as well as intravacuolar protein bodies but
some of the secretory epidermal cells, following secretion, collapse and their anticlinal
walls seem to fold. Nectar secretion is thought to be granulocrine and, following starch
depletion, lipid droplets collect within the plastids. The nectar accumulates beneath the
cuticle which subsequently forms swellings. Finally, nectar collects in the saccate nectary
spur formed by the fusion of the margins of the labellum and the base of the column-foot.
Thus, although the nectary of H. imbricata and M. coccinea have many features in
common, they nevertheless display a number of important differences.
MARIO A. BLANCO, GABRIEL BARBOZA
Pseudocopulatory Pollination in Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) by Fungus
Gnats
. Annals of Botany. Oxford:Apr 16, 2005. Vol. 95, Iss. 5, p. 763
Abstract
* Background and Aims Lepanthes is one of the largest angiosperm genera (>800
species). Their non-rewarding, tiny and colourful flowers are structurally complex. Their
pollination mechanism has hitherto remained unknown, but has been subject of ample
speculation; the function of the minuscule labellum appendix is especially puzzling. Here,
the pollination of L. glicensteinii by sexually deceived male fungus gnats is described
and illustrated. * Methods Visitors to flowers of L. glicensteinii were photographed and
their behaviour documented; some were captured for identification. Occasional visits to
flowers of L. helleri, L. stenorhyncha and L. turialvae were also observed. Structural
features of flowers and pollinators were studied with SEM. * Key Results Sexually
aroused males of the fungus gnat Bradysia floribunda (Diptera: Sciaridae) were the only
visitors and pollinators of L. glicensteinii. The initial long-distance attractant seems to be
olfactory. Upon finding a flower, the fly curls his abdomen under the labellum and grabs
the appendix with his genitalic claspers, then dismounts the flower and turns around to
face away from it. The pollinarium attaches to his abdomen during this pivoting
manoeuvre. Pollinia are deposited on the stigma during a subsequent flower visit. The
flies appear to ejaculate during pseudocopulation. The visitors of L. helleri, L.
stenorhyncha and L. turialvae are different species of fungus gnats that display a similar
behaviour. * Conclusions Lepanthes glicensteinii has genitalic pseudocopulatory
pollination, the first case reported outside of the Australian orchid genus Cryptostylis.
Since most species of Lepanthes have the same unusual flower structure, it is predicted
that pollination by sexual deception is prevalent in the genus. Several morphological and
phenological traits in Lepanthes seem well suited for exploiting male fungus gnats as
pollinators. Correspondingly, some demographic trends common in Lepanthes are
consistent with patterns of male sciarid behaviour.
Anonymous.
SCIENCE INTO PRACTICE
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Apr 14, 2005. p. 6 (1 pp.)
Abstract
The Pesticides Safety Directorate has issued sever al full pesticide approvals for
ornamental production. Kresoxy and Supreme from Tronsan have been given approval
for disease control on both outdoor and indoor crops. Ferromol Slug Killer, marketed by
Growing Success Organics. has been given approval as a slug bait on both indoor and
outdoor crops while Greencrop Orchid B from Greencrop Technology has been given
approval for use as a disease control on protected plants.
Jennifer Funk.
Picking The Perfect (Plant) Mate
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Apr 2005. Vol. 23, Iss. 4, p. 56,58 (2 pp.)
Abstract
"I'd love to think I'm an orchid, and it'd be very flattering if someone gave it to me, but I'm
more of a Calandiva/gerbera mix," says [MICHELLE Brennan], who came up with the
idea after realizing there were certain plants she loved but didn't fit into her busy lifestyle.
"I fit with those plants and they survive in my household. So I consider that advantageous
as a consumer. I think it makes it a much better gifted program in the marketplace. It's
advising people."
Anonymous.
IMPULSE POWER
Horticulture Week.: Garden Retail Teddington:Mar/Apr 2005. p. 38 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Also selling well are orchids, even in the £24.99 to £50 price bracket. "People want to
decorate their homes after Christmas and the winter," she adds. "Homewares in general
are doing well and we've...
Mary Margaret Chappell
FALL IN LOVE...WITH vanilla
. Vegetarian Times. Oak Park:Feb 2005. Iss. 328, p. 65-67 (3 pp.)
Abstract
If chocolate is the Casanova of flavors--that rich, dark seducer that can send one into a
swoon--then vanilla is The Boy Next Door, the sweet, familiar taste one has known since
childhood and take for granted. Vanilla plants are tropical vining orchids and the only
members of the orchid family whose flowers have an edible fruit. Today, producing long,
dark, fragrant vanilla beans is a year-long endeavor that involves hand pollinating the
blossoms, aging the beans on the vine for nine months, then curing them for three to four
months--all done on small farms in a handful of tropical regions.
Anonymous.
HOT SELLER Orchids (various)
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jan 27, 2005. p. 8 (1 pp.)
Abstract
[Andy Knight] is also seeing steady sales of indoor palms at the centre. He added:
"Unusually for the time of year, even our bigger specimen indoor palms, ranging from £50
to £90, are doing well.
MARK W. CHASE, LYNDA HANSON, VICTOR A. ALBERT, W. MARK WHITTEN,
NORRIS H. WILLIAMS
Life History Evolution and Genome Size in Subtribe Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae)
. Annals of Botany.: Plant Genome Size Oxford:Jan 2, 2005. Vol. 95, Iss. 1, p. 191
Abstract
* Background and Aims Within Oncidiinae, there are several groups of species that are
effectively annuals, and we wished to see if these species had smaller genome sizes
than average for the subtribe. * Methods Fifty-four genome size estimates (50 of which are
new) for species in subtribe Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) were examined for the first time
in a phylogenetic context to evaluate hypotheses concerning genomeb sizes and life
history traits. * Results and Conclusions Within the limits of still relatively sparse
sampling, the species that are effectively annuals do appear to have smaller genome
sizes than average. However, the genome sizes of their immediate sister group are also
small, indicating that changes in genome size preceded the change in life history traits.
Genome sizes and chromosome numbers also do not correlate; some slowly growing
species have lower chromosome numbers but large genomes and vice versa. Based on
a survey of the literature on orchids, it is also clear that epiphytic species have smaller
genome sizes than do terrestrial species, which could be an effect of different water
relations or the fact that most terrestrial orchids are geophytic or have distinct growth and
dormancy phases.
Olinto Liparini Pereira, Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya, Arnaldo Chaer Borges, Elza
Fernandes de Araújo.
Canadian Journal of Botany. Morphological and molecular characterization of
mycorrhizal fungi isolated from neotropical orchids in Brazil Ottawa:Jan 2005. Vol. 83,
Iss. 1, p. 54-65 (12 pp.)
Abstract
To initiate a conservation program of the Orchidaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic rain
forest with the purpose of ex situ conservation or reintroduction in the State of Minas
Gerais, seven mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia-like fungal strains were isolated from roots of
seven neotropical orchid species from three different Atlantic rain forest fragments.
Taxonomic studies revealed that the isolates belong to the genera Ceratorhiza and
Epulorhiza. The Epulorhiza isolates were identified as Epulorhiza repens (N. Bernard)
R.T. Moore and Epulorhiza epiphytica Pereira, Rollemberg et Kasuya. RAPD analysis
indicated higher polymorphism between Epulorhiza epiphytica and Epulorhiza repens
than found in the PCR-RFLP analysis. RAPD and morphological analyses indicated a
degree of relatedness among the Ceratorhiza isolates obtained from the roots of
different Oncidium species. A combination of morphological and molecular
characterizations permitted integration of fungal strain identification n with genetic
relatedness among the isolates, thus allowing some inferences to be made on specificity
of these endosymbionts under field conditions.
Key words: biodiversity, Ceratorhiza, Epulorhiza, orchid mycorrhiza,
Rhizoctonia-like, symbiosis, specificity.
Tovah Martin.
plants worth having
Organic Gardening. Emmaus:Dec 2004/Jan 2005. Vol. 52, Iss. 1, p. 64 (1 pp.)
Abstract
With big, grinning elf-faced flowers perched atop elegant spikes, the lady slipper orchid is
the perfect winter blah-buster. Tips on how to grow the plant are offered.
Copyright © 2009 ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved.
KOMODITAS ANGGREK
PROQUEST 2006 (28 Judul)
YUNG-I LEE, EDWARD C. YEUNG, NEAN LEE, MEI-CHU CHUNG
Embryo Development in the Lady's Slipper Orchid, Paphiopedilum delenatii, with
Emphasis on the Ultrastructure of the Suspensor
. Annals of Botany. Oxford:Dec 15, 2006. Vol. 98, Iss. 6, p. 1311-9
Abstract
* Background and Aims Owing to large-scale collecting, the lady's slipper orchid,
Paphiopedilum delenatii, is under threat of extinction. Asymbiotic germination provides a
useful way to re-establish plants in the wild and for commercial propagation. A detailed
study of embryo development would provide information on subsequent germination
events and aid in the propagation of the species. * Methods Developing capsules were
collected for histochemical and ultrastructural studies by using both light and transmission
electron microscopy. * Key Results The suspensor of this species consists of three
vacuolated cells. During the early globular stage of embryo development, structural
differentiation occurs, revealing an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae
and wall ingrowths within the suspensor cells. These features are not present in cells of
the embryo proper. Furthermore, the results of Nile red staining demonstrate that a
cuticular layer is present only in the embryo proper, but absent from the suspensor.
Cuticular material is also present in the inner walls of the seed coat, and persists
through seed maturation. * Conclusions The morphological features of the transfer cell
and the absence of cuticular material in the suspensor cell wall corroborate the
hypothesis that the suspensor is the major nutrient uptake site for the developing embryo
in the lady's slipper orchid. The absence of an endosperm and presence of cuticular
material in the inner walls of the seed coat enclosing the embryo proper further support
the notion that nutrient uptake by the embryo is confined to the micropylar end of the
seed through the suspensor BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Owing to large-scale collecting,
the lady's slipper orchid, Paphiopedilum delenatii, is under threat of extinction. Asymbioti
germination provides a useful way to re-establish plants in the wild and for commercial
propagation. A detailed study of embryo development would provide information on
subsequent germination events and aid in the propagation of the species. METHODS:
Developing capsules were collected for histochemical and ultrastructural studies by using
both light and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: The suspensor of this
species consists of three vacuolated cells. During the early globular stage of embryo
development, structural differentiation occurs, revealing an abundance of smooth
endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and wall ingrowths within the suspensor cells. These
features are not present in cells of the embryo proper. Furthermore, the results of Nile red
staining demonstrate that a cuticular layer is present only in the embryo proper, but
absent from the suspensor. Cuticular material is also present in the inner walls of the
seed coat, and persists through seed maturation. CONCLUSIONS: The morphological
features of the transfer cell and the absence of cuticular material in the suspensor cell
wall corroborate the hypothesis that the suspensor is the major nutrient uptake site for
thedeveloping embryo in the lady's slipper orchid. The absence of an endosperm and
presence of cuticular material in the inner walls of the seed coat enclosing the embryo
proper further support the notion that nutrient uptake by the embryo is confined to the
micropylar end of the seed through the suspensor.
JUN YAMAZAKI, KAZUMITSU MIYOSHI
In vitro Asymbiotic Germination of Immature Seed and Formation of Protocorm by
Cephalanthera falcata (Orchidaceae)
. Annals of Botany. Oxford:Dec 15, 2006. Vol. 98, Iss. 6, p. 1197-206
Abstract
* Background and Aims Many Orchidaceous species are threatened globally by
development and over-collection from their natural habitats for horticultural purposes.
Artificial propagation from seeds is difficult in most terrestrial orchids native to temperate
regions. Seed production is another limiting factor in the artificial propagation for these
species because of the lessened probability of pollination and the destruction of fruit by
insect larvae. Members of the genus Cephalanthera are distributed across Europe, Asia
and North America. C. falcata is a temperate species of East Asia and an endangered
species in Japan. As successful propagation from seeds of this species has never been
reported, a reproducible method is described here for seed production in situ and
propagation using immature seeds in asymbiotic culture in vitro. * Methods Effects of
hand-pollination and bagging treatment of ovaries were examined. Young capsules were
collected every 10 d from 50 d after pollination until 120 d after pollination. Immature
seeds obtained from these capsules were cultured asymbiotically on modified Kano
medium and ND medium. Seed viability was examined within TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl
tetrazolium chloride) test solution and histological observations were made on viable
seeds by paraffin embedding at each collection stage. * Key Results and Conclusions
Hand-pollination followed by bagging treatment of ovaries with aluminium foil was
effective for insect control during fruit development, and successfully yielded capsules. Of
the capsules, 74·5 % survived to full maturity. The highest frequency (39·8 %) of seed
germination was obtained with seeds harvested 70 d after pollination. The frequency
declined with progress of seed maturity on the mother plant. Minimal germination was
observed with seeds harvested 100 d or later after pollination. Histological observation
suggests that accumulation of such substances as lignin in the inner integument
surrounding the embryo during seed maturation plays an important role in induction of
dormanc BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many Orchidaceous species are threatened
globally by development and over-collection from their natural habitats for horticultural
purposes. Artificial propagation from seeds is difficult in most terrestrial orchids native to
temperate regions. Seed production is another limitin factor in the artificial propagation for
these species because of the lessen probability of pollination and the destruction of fruit
by insect larvae. Members of the genus Cephalanthera are distributed across Europe,
Asia and North America. C. falcata is a temperate species of East Asia and a n
endangered species in Japan. As successful propagation from seeds of thi species has
never been reported, a reproducible method is described here for seed production in situ
and propagation using immature seeds in asymbiotic culture in vitro. METHODS: Effects
of hand-pollination and bagging treatment of ovaries were examined. Young capsules
were collected every 10 d from 50 d after pollination until 120 d after pollination. Immature
seeds obtained from these capsules were cultured asymbiotically on modified Kano
medium and ND medium. Seed viability was examined within TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl
tetrazolium chloride) test solution and histological observations were made on viable
seeds by paraffin embedding at each collection stage. KEY RESULTS AND
CONCLUSIONS: Hand-pollination followed by bagging treatment of ovaries with
aluminium foil was effective for insect control during fruit development, and successfully
yielded capsules. Of the capsules, 74.5 % survived to full maturity. The highest frequency
(39.8 %) of seed germination was obtained with seeds harvested 70 d after pollination.
The frequency declined with progress of seed maturity on the mother plant. Minimal
germination was observed with seeds harvested 100 d or later after pollination.
Histological observation suggests that accumulation of such substances as lignin in the
inner integument surrounding the embryo during seed maturation plays an important
role in induction of dormancy.
Anonymous
Scientific Notes
Castanea. Newberry:Dec 2006. Vol. 71, Iss. 4, p. 321-324 (12 pp.)
Abstract
Three-birds orchid, Triphora trianthophora, is among the more enigmatic species of
orchids in eastern North America. A discussion of a survey of the species found at Glen
Helen Nature Preserve in Greene County OH in which a cluster of 15 flower stalks were
discovered within a relatively young upland forest habitat is presented.
Graham Clarke.
Orchids
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Nov 30, 2006. p. 18-19 (2 pp.)
Abstract
* M. 'Red Knight King' has blowsy. deep-red flowers with a velvety texture and a large red
lip and bright yellow "eye" surrounded by white lines. It has a delicate scent.
Peter Seabrook
Seabrook on... downsizing at shows
. Horticulture Week. Teddington:Nov 16, 2006. p. 17 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Aalsmeer was mostly made up of small, modest stands filled with plants and cut flowers
while RAI Amsterdam Halls had some monumental, professionally designed displays,
especially of cut roses, Anthurium and orchids. I certainly felt more at home among the
smaller exhibits in the dingy auction hall and will, in retrospect, be doing more business
with smaller stands at both.
RICHARD M. BATEMAN, PAULA J. RUDALL
Evolutionary and Morphometric Implications of Morphological Variation Among Flowers
Within an Inflorescence: A Case-Study Using European Orchids
. Annals of Botany. Oxford:Nov 2006. Vol. 98, Iss. 5, p. 975-93
Abstract
* Background and Aims This study explores the previously largely ignored morphological
variation that occurs among flowers within a single inflorescence * Methods Variation in
four metric parameters (labellum length and width, spur length and width) that together
strongly influence pollination frequency is documented within the simple racemose
inflorescences of eight individuals that represent a primary hybrid and six species of
European orchids * Key Results Regression of each parameter against the location of
each flower on the inflorescence, and calculation of correlation coefficients for each pair
of parameters within each inflorescence, demonstrate significant decoupling of labellum
and spur development, despite the fact that they are different portions of the same floral
organ. Spur length and diameter are constant across inflorescences of Dactylorhiza other
than the vestigial-spurred D. viridis, whereas in other genera spur length declines in
parallel with labellum dimensions. These differences are likely to reflect selection
pressures or developmental constraints. Strong negative deviations from the regression
line for one or more parameters are evident in occasional flowers, occurring most
frequently in the lowermost and uppermost one or two flowers, and so reflecting
transitions in meristematic behaviour. Thus, population-level morphometric studies are
best conducted on flowers taken from approximately the mid-point of the inflorescence.
Moreover, in the two relatively large inflorescences where lower flowers were removed
for measurement before the upper flowers had opened, labellum size increased
significantly in the flowers immediately above the excisions, suggesting that excision
liberated resources that were diverted into the opening buds. Repeat measurement of all
flowers from one selected inflorescence demonstrated typical measurement errors of
only ± 30-80 ¼m, irrespective of the size of the structure studied. If flowers are not
mounted and measured immediately following excision, modest negative deviations of
30-50 ¼m result from post-mounting shrinkage; this occurs less rapidly in the spur than in
the thinner labellum, which should therefore be measured first. Variation in all four
parameters among all the flowers of a single inflorescence is between 42 % and 107 % of
that observed between a similar number of flowers sampled from a consistent location on
different (but conspecific and coexisting) inflorescences. * Conclusions This result
demonstrates the strong influence of epigenesis on flower morphology and further
emphasizes the importance of (a) sampling from a consistent location within the
inflorescences under comparison, (b) interpreting morphometric ordinations
hierarchically, building from individuals to infraspecific taxa and species via populations,
and (c) considering in any microevolutionary study the potentially profound effects of
the cline in flower size within each inflorescence BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study
explores the previously largely ignored morphological variation that occurs among flowers
within a single inflorescence. METHODS: Variation in four metric parameters (labellum
length and width, spur length and width) that together strongly influence pollination
frequency is documented within the simple racemose inflorescences of eight individuals
that represent a primary hybrid and six species of Europeanorchids. KEY RESULTS:
Regression of each parameter against the location of each flower on the inflorescence,
and calculation of correlation coefficients for each pair of parameters within each
inflorescence, demonstrate significant decoupling of labellum and spur development,
despite the fact that they are different portions of the same floral organ. Spur length and
diameter are constant across inflorescences of Dactylorhiza other than the vestigialspurred
D. viridis, whereas in other genera spur length declines in parallel with labellum
dimensions. These differences are likely to reflect selection pressures or developmental
constraints. Strong negative deviations from the regression line for one or more
parameters are evident in occasional flowers, occurring most frequently in the lowermost
and uppermost one or two flowers, and so reflecting transitions in meristematic
behaviour. Thus, population-level morphometric studies are best conducted on flowers
taken from approximately the mid-point of the inflorescence. Moreover, in the tw
relatively large inflorescences where lower flowers were removed for measurement
before the upper flowers had opened, labellum size increased significantly in the flowers
immediately above the excisions, suggesting that excision liberated resources that were
diverted into the opening buds. Repeat measurement of all flowers from one selected
inflorescence demonstrated typical measurement errors of only +/- 30-80 micro m,
irrespective of the size of the structure studied. If flowers are not mounted and measured
immediately following excision, modest negative deviations of 30-50 micro m result from
post-mounting shrinkage; this occurs less rapidly in the spur than in the thinner labellum,
which should therefore be measured first. Variation in all four parameters among all the
flowers of a single inflorescence is between 42 % and 107 % of that observed between a
similar number of flowers sampled from a consistent location on different (but conspecific
and coexisting) inflorescences. CONCLUSIONS: This result demonstrates the strong
influence of b epigenesis on flower morphology and further emphasizes the importance of
(a) sampling from a consistent location within the inflorescences under comparison, (b)
interpreting morphometric ordinations hierarchically, building b considering in any
microevolutionary study the potentially profound effects of the cline in flower size within
each inflorescence.
Jaime Pedroza-Manrique, Yolima Mican-Gutiérrez
\ASYMBIOTIC GERMINATION OF ODONTOGLOSSUM GLORIOSUM RCHB.F.
(ORCHIDACEAE) UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.: Plant Columbia:Nov/Dec 2006. Vol. 42, Iss.
6, p. 543-547 (5 pp.)
Abstract
An efficient seed germination system was developed for an endemic and endangered
orchid of the prairies of Bogotá, Colombia. The effects of three culture media [Murashige
and Skoog (MS) salts (1962); Knudson C (KC) salts (1946); and Hydro-Coljap® salts],
activated charcoal [0 and 0.5% (w/v)], ±-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.0, 2.68 and 5.37
μM), and four light regimes (white light, darkness, red light, and far-red light) on
asymbiotic germination of Odontoglossum gloriosum, were studied. The best germination
percentage and germination time was obtained on agar-solidified medium supplemented
with Hydro-Coljap® salts and 2.68 μM NAA under red light with a 16-h photoperiod. The
addition of activate charcoal did not stimulate either germination or the development of O.
gloriosum seedlings. This study describes a single medium-based protocol able to achieve
more than 330 000 seedlings within 40 wk, starting from a single capsule. This protocol is
sufficient for both large-scale propagation and in vitro conservation of this threatened
orchid.
Wagner De Melo Ferreira, Gilberto Barbante Kerbauy
MICROPROPAGATION AND GENETIC STABILITY OF A DENDROBIUM HYBRID
(ORCHIDACEAE) , Ana Paula Pimentel Costa.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.: Plant Columbia:Nov/Dec 2006. Vol. 42,
Iss. 6, p. 568-571 (4 pp.)
Abstract
Dendrobium hybrids have great economic importance in a number of countries.
Asymbiotic seed germination and the conventional vegetative method have been
commonly used by growers to propagate these plants. To overcome somaclonal
variation, which is commonly exhibited by Dendrobium (Nobile group) when
micropropagated from protocorm-like bodies, a protocol for propagating Dendrobium
Second Love in vitro using axillary buds in the presence of thidiazuron was developed.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was also carried out to check for possible
genetic alterations in plants originating from six consecutive subcultures. The results
revealed that the established protocol was efficient for the in vitro cloning of this orchid
hybrid and the plants obtained from the six subcultures did not exhibit any type of
polymorphism.
Anonymous.
Suttons makes Chinese orchid link
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Oct 19, 2006. p. 4 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Suttons Horticulture of Norfolk is set to become the UK's largest orchid supplier following
a partnership deal with Chinese orchid producer Floranational, a specialist grower with
extensive micropropagation facilities.
Karen L Kerkhoff
ORCHID OVERVIEW
Grounds Maintenance. Overland Park:Oct 2006. Vol. 41, Iss. 10, p. 10 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Semi-terrestrial plants thrive in a more soil-like situation, but typically live in spaces with
very loose soils or accumulations of organic matter.
Sean Blaney
Wild Orchids of the Canadian Maritimes and Northern Great Lakes Region
. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. Bronx:Oct-Dec 2006. Vol. 133, Iss. 4, p. 660
(1 pp.)
Abstract
This sturdy paperback book, designed to withstand use in the field, is one of a series of
North American regional orchid guides by Paul Martin Brown, a research associate at the
University of Florida Herbarium and Florida Museum of Natural History. The geographic
scope of the volume extends from Newfoundland and Labrador, through the Maritime
Provinces, southern Quebec and a somewhat ambiguously defined portion of central
Ontario west to Lake Superior.
Matthew Appleby
Race to secure Lloyd's legacy
. Horticulture Week. Teddington:Sep 7, 2006. p. 13 (1 pp.)
Abstract
[Christopher Lloyd] referred to [FERGUS GARRETT] as "exceptionally energetic and
inspiring". Garrett feels as passionately about Great Dixter as Lloyd did. He says there
are three reasons behind the garden being so important: the Edwin Lutyens layout; the
unusual wildflower and orchid meadows, which Garrett hopes to expand; and Lloyd
himself.
Jean-Claude Abadie, Ülle Püttsepp, Gerhard Gebauer, Antonella Faccio, et al.
Cephalanthera longifolia (Neottieae, Orchidaceae) is mixotrophic: a comparative study
between green and nonphotosynthetic individuals
Canadian Journal of Botany. Ottawa:Sep 2006. Vol. 84, Iss. 9, p. 1462-1477 (1 pp.)
Abstract
We investigated an Estonian population of the orchid Cephalanthera longifolia (L.)
Fritsch. (Neottieae tribe), which harbours green and achlorophyllous individuals (=
albinos), to understand albino survival and compare mycorrhizal associates,
development, and nutrition of the two phenotypes. Albinos never changed phenotype
over 14 years and had development similar to green individuals; their chlorophyll content
was reduced by 99.4%, making them heterotrophic. Molecular typing by polymerase
chain reaction amplification of fungal intergenic transcribed spacer and microscopic
analyses showed that Thelephoraceae (Basidiomycetes, usually forming ectomycorrhizae
with trees) were mycorrhizal on both phenotypes. Molecular typing also demonstrated
that additional fungi were present on roots, including many endophytes (such as
Helotiales) and various ectomycorrhizal taxa, whose role and pattern of colonization
remained unclear. Mycorrhizal colonization was increased in albinos by about twofold, but
no obvious difference in fungal partners compared with green individuals was
demonstrated. Analysis of stable isotope composition (N and C) showed that albinos
were dependent on their fungi for carbon (mycoheterotrophy), while green individuals
recovered 33% of their carbon from fungi (mixotrophy). Surrounding trees, which formed
ectomycorrhizae with at least one Thelephoraceae found in orchids, were likely the
ultimate carbon source. These data are discussed in the framework of evolution of
mycoheterotrophy in orchids, especially in Neottieae. Dairy event: Finance and IT - Herd
software package eases paperwork Dairy Farmer. Tonbridge:Sep 1, 2006. p. 64 Orchid
Data believe they might have the answer with their newly launched software package,
myHerd. The promise is that you will no longer have to rummage around for odd bits of
paper, or scribble barely legible notes as a reminder of what you need to enter into your
Orchid software at the end of the day. With myHerd, you can enter bullings, services,
dry-offs and PD results out in the field. Effect of Herbicides for Leafy Spurge Control on
Ann M Erickson, Rodney G Lym, Don Kirby
the Western Prairie Fringed Orchid
Rangeland Ecology and Management. Lawrence:Sep 2006. Vol. 59, Iss. 5, p. 4 467
(6 pp.)
Matthew Appleby
Tatton winners believe show gold will give business a lift
. Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jul 27, 2006. p. 4 (1 pp.)
Abstract
A record 38 exhibitors won gold in the floral marquee, with Goole-based Disa orchid
specialist Dave Parkinson Plants, a first-time exhibitor at an RHS event, winning best in
show. Parkinson said: "We were struggling to make money at the agriculture shows.
Tatton was the best show we've done."
M. R. BARONE LUMAGA, S. COZZOLINO, A. KOCYAN
Exine Micromorphology of Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae): Phylogenetic
Constraints or Ecological Influences?
. Annals of Botany. Oxford:Jul 2006. Vol. 98, Iss. 1, p. 237
Abstract
* Background and Aims Pollen characters have been widely used in defining evolutionary
trends in orchids. In recent years, information on pollination biology and phylogenetic
patterns within Orchidinae has become available. Hence, the aim of the presented work is
to re-evaluate exine micromorphology of Orchidinae in light of recent phylogenetic
studies and to test whether pollen micromorphology strictly depends on phylogenetic
relationships among species or whether it is influenced by the marked differences in
pollination ecology also reported among closely related species. * Methods Pollen
sculpturing of 45 species of Orchidinae and related taxa was investigated using scanning
electron microscopy. To cover potential intraspecific variation, several accessions of the
same species were examined. * Key Results Orchidinae show remarkable variation in
exine sculpturing, with a different level of variation within species groups. In some
genera, such as Serapias (rugulate) and Ophrys (psilate to verrucate), intrageneric
uniformity corresponds well to a common pollination strategy and close relationships
among species. However, little exine variability (psilate-scabrate and scabrate-rugulate)
was also found in the genus mAnacamptis in spite of striking differences in floral
architecture and pollination strategies. A larger variety of exine conditions was found in m
genera Dactylorhiza (psilate, psilate-scabrate and reticulate) and Orchis s.s. (psilate,
reticulate, perforate-rugulate and baculate) where no unequivocal correspondence can be
found to either phylogenetic patterns or pollination strategies. * Conclusions Changes in
pollen characteristics do not consistently reflect shifts in pollination strategy. A unique
trend of exine evolution within Orchidinae is difficult to trace. However, the clades
comprising Anacamptis, Neotinea, Ophrys and Serapias show psilate to rugulate or
scabrate pollen, while that of the clade comprising Chamorchis, Dactylorhiza,
Gymnadenia, Orchis s.s., Platanthera, Pseudorchis and Traunsteinera ranges from
psilate to reticulate. Comparison of the data with exine micromorphology from members
of the tribe Orchidieae and related tribes suggests a possible general trend from reticulate
to psilate.
S D Sipes, V J Tepedino
"Perfection" subverted? A contrivance for outcrossing in a rare orchid is influenced by
pollinator abundance1
. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. Bronx:Jul-Sep 2006. Vol. 133, Iss. 3, p.
412-420 (9 pp.)
Abstract
The combination of protandrous flowers and acropetal inflorescence development in beepollinated
species is thought to maximize cross-pollination because bees visit vertical
inflorescences from the bottom up. However, incomplete protandry may allow bees to
carry out geitonogamous pollinations. We examined the overlap in male and female
phases in the rare orchid Spiranthes diluvialis, a plant with the above combination of
characteristics. We found that unvisited male phase flowers proceed to a hermaphroditic
phase, not a female phase, because each flower's single pollinarium remains viable and
may be removed by pollinators throughout anthesis. Pollinator visitation rates, as
estimated by pollinaria removal rates, varied among five populations in Utah and
Colorado, USA. More hermaphroditic phase flowers accrued on inflorescences in
populations with low visitation rates than in those with higher visitation rates. We
conclude that the cross-pollination mechanism of S. diluvialis requires some minimum
threshold of bee visits in order to work optimally. When bees are plentiful, male and
female functions remain temporally separated and cross-pollination is maximized. In
contrast, the potential for geitonogamy in this self-compatible species is much higher in
populations with low visitation rates. We suggest that pollinator abundance may affect the
mating system of other protandrous, acropetal, bee-pollinated plants if protandry depends
upon the timely removal of long-lived pollen
Anonymous.
NEW PLANTS
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jun 29, 2006. p. 4 (1 pp.)
Abstract
A new orchid, Dendrobium 'Shangri-La-Singapore', has been launched to
commemorate the Singaporean hotel of the same name's 35th anniversary. It
is a hybrid of Dendrobium 'Paolo Sunshine' and Dendrobium 'Pink Spider'.
CLAIRE MICHENEAU, JACQUES FOURNEL,
Bird Pollination in an Angraecoid Orchid on Reunion Island (Mascarene Archipelago,
Indian Ocean) THIERRY PAILLER.
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Jun 2006. Vol. 97, Iss. 6, p. 965
Abstract
* Background and Aims Although numerous angraecoid orchids in Madagascar display
typical sphingophilous syndrome (i.e. white, nectariferous, long-spurred flowers,
producing a strong scent at the crepuscule that is attractive to moths), three species of
Angraecum in Reunion, belonging to the endemic section Hadrangis, have atypical
unscented and short-spurred flowers. The aim of the study was to investigate the
implication of plant-pollinator interaction on the evolution of floral morphology of these
peculiar island floral forms. * Methods The flower morphology of A. striatum (one of the
three section Hadrangis species) was investigated by performing a set of floral
measures, and the reproductive biology was investigated by a set of hand pollination
experiments. Natural pollinators were observed by means of a digital video camera.
Pollinator efficiency (pollen removal and deposition) and reproductive success (fruit set)
were quantified once a week in natural field conditions during the 2005 flowering season
(i.e. from January to March). * Key Results The orchid is self-compatible but requires a
pollinator to achieve fruit set. Only one pollinator was observed, the endemic white-eye
Zosterops borbonicus (Zosteropidae). These birds perched on inflorescences, and
probed most fresh-looking flowers on each plant for nectar. Nectar was both abundant
(averaging 7·7 μL) and dilute (averaging 9·7 % sugar in sucrose equivalents). Birds were
mostly active between 0830 and 0930 h. Visits to plants were extremely short, lasting
from 9 to 27 s. At the study site, 60·9 % of flowers had pollen removed, and 46·4 % had
pollinia deposited on stigmas. The proportion of flowers that initiated a fruit averaged 20·6
% in natural conditions. * Conclusions For the first time, a bird-pollinated orchid is
described from a sub-tribe that is mainly specialized for moth pollination. This study
documents a morphological shift in flowers in response to pollinator adaptations in the
insular context of the Mascarene Archipelago.
David A Locky, Suzanne E Bayley.
Plant diversity, composition, and rarity in the southern boreal peatlands of Manitoba,
Canada
Canadian Journal of Botany. Ottawa:Jun 2006. Vol. 84, Iss. 6, p. 940-955 (16 pp.)
Abstract
Plant diversity and rarity have been relatively well studied for bryophytes in Canadian
western boreal peatlands, but little information exists for vascular plants. Diversity,
community composition, and rarity of bryophytes and vascular plants were determined
and relationships examined among these and environmental variables in five peatland
types at Duck Mountain, Manitoba: wooded bogs, black spruce swamps, wooded
moderate-rich fens, open moderate-rich fens, and open extreme-rich fens. Total diversity
was 298 species comprising 86 bryophytes and 212 vascular plants. Mean diversity
followed a unimodal distribution over a bog - rich fen gradient. Wooded moderate-rich fens
(59.0) and black spruce swamps (53.4) had the highest mean diversity, whereas wooded
bogs (32.3) and open extreme-rich fens (34.7) had the lowest mean diversity.
Occurrences of locally rare species followed the same general pattern, and provincially
rare vascular plants were found primarily in wooded moderate-rich fens and black spruce
swamps and were mostly orchids. Reasons for these patterns are complex, but high
diversity appears to be related to high habitat heterogeneity and moderate environmental
variables, e.g., pH and alkalinity, and low diversity appears to be related to environmental
extremes, e.g., pH and alkalinity. Boreal wooded moderate-rich fens and black spruce
swamps have comparatively high plant diversity and rarity and require consideration if the
focus is biodiversity conservation. This will become increasingly important in landscapes
where development pressures are high
Sophie Barnett
Landscape is key to getting green l snow resort
. Horticulture Week. Teddington:May 11, 2006. p. 12 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Landscape architect Claire Browne said: "It has been great-the biggest project I have
worked on. There are sandmartins in the quarry so it was important that we maintain
that habitat and others. There are also some rare orchids that we had to take into
account."
K. Farreyrol, M. N. Pearson, M. Grisoni, D. Cohen, D. Beck. Archives
Vanilla mosaic virus isolates from French Polynesia and the Cook Islands are Dasheen
mosaic virus strains that exclusively infect vanilla
of Virology. New York:May 2006. Vol. 151, Iss. 5, p. 905-19
Abstract
Sequence was determined for the coat protein (CP) gene and 3[variant prime] nontranslated
region (3[variant prime]NTR) of two vanilla mosaic virus (VanMV) isolates from
Vanilla tahitensis , respectively from the Cook Islands (VanMV-CI) and French Polynesia
(VanMV-FP). Both viruses displayed distinctive features in the N-terminal region of their
CPs; for VanMV-CI, a 16-amino-acid deletion including the aphid transmission-related
DAG motif, and for VanMV-FP, a stretch of GTN repeats that putatively belongs to the
class of natively unfolded proteins. VanMV-FP CP also has a novel DVG motif in place of
the DAG motif, and an uncommon Q//V protease cleavage site. The sequences were
compared to a range of Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) strains and to potyviruses
infecting orchids. Identity was low to DsMV strains across the entire CP coding region
and across the 3[variant prime]NTR, but high across the CP core and the CI-6K2-NIa
region. In accordance with current ICTV criteria for species demarcation within the family
Potyviridae , VanMV-CI and VanMV-FP are strains of DsMV that exclusively infect vanilla
Sequence was determined for the coat protein (CP) gene and 3' non-transla region
(3'NTR) of two vanilla mosaic virus (VanMV) isolates from Vanilla tahitensis, respectively
from the Cook Islands (VanMV-CI) and French Polynesia (VanMV-FP). Both viruses
displayed distinctive features in the N-terminal region of their CPs; for VanMV-CI, a 16-
amino-acid deletion including the aphid transmission-related DAG motif, and for VanMVFP,
a stretch of GTN repeats that putatively belongs to the class of natively unfolded
proteins. VanMV-FP CP also has a novel DVG motif in place of the DAG motif, and an
uncommon Q//V protease cleavage site. The sequences were compared to a range of
Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) strains and to potyviruses infecting orchids. Identity wa
low to DsMV strains across the entire CP coding region and across the 3'NTR, but high
across the CP core and the CI-6K2-NIa region. In accordance with current ICTV criteria
for species demarcation within the family Potyviridae, VanMV-CI and VanMV-FP are
strains of DsMV that exclusively infect vanilla.
Anonymous.
Two new tissue PMs set to start in spring
Pulp & Paper. San Francisco:May 2006. Vol. 80, Iss. 5, p. 7-8 (2 pp.)
Abstract
Two new tissue machines are set to start over in April and May, with Orchids Paper
ramping up a 35,000-tpy machine in Pryor, OK, and Cellynne starting a 40,000-tpy
machine in Haines City, FL. These two tissue machine startups are among seven new
capacity projects in tissue planned this year and next in the US that combined would add
349,000 tpy of capacity by the end of 2007. Pryor will have a total of 45,000 tpy of tissue
capacity with the new tissue machine. That includes an older, 10,000-tpy tissue machine.
Timotheüs van der Niet, Phillip Cribb
Additions to the Orchid Flora of Angola, Tanzania and Zimbabwe
. Kew Bulletin. Norwich:2006. Vol. 61, Iss. 2, p. 261-264 (4 pp.)
CRAIG I. PETER, STEVEN D. JOHNSON
Anther Cap Retention Prevents Self-pollination by Elaterid Beetles in the South African
Orchid Eulophia foliosa
. Annals of Botany. Oxford:Mar 2006. Vol. 97, Iss. 3, p. 345
Abstract
* Background and Aims Pollination by insects that spend long periods visiting many
flowers on a plant may impose a higher risk of facilitated self-pollination. Orchids and
asclepiads are particularly at risk as their pollen is packaged as pollinia and so can be
deposited on self-stigmas en masse. Many orchids and asclepiads have adaptations to
limit self-deposition of pollinia, including gradual reconfiguration of pollinaria following
removal. Here an unusual mechanism--anther cap retention--that appears to prevent
self-pollination in the South African orchid Eulophia foliosa is examined * Methods Visits
to inflorescences in the field were observed and pollinators collected. Visitation rates to
transplanted inflorescences m were compared between a site where putative pollinators
were abundant and a site where they were rare. Anther cap retention times were
determined for removed pollinaria and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit was
recorded concurrently. Anther cap anatomy was examined using light n microscopy. *
Key Results Eulophia foliosa is pollinated almost exclusively by Cardiophorus
obliquemaculatus (Elateridae) beetles, which remain on the deceptive inflorescences for
on average 301 s (n = 18). The anther cap that covers the pollinarium is retained for an
average of 512 s (n = 24) after pollinarium removal by beetles. In all populations
measured, anther cap dimensions are greater than those of the stigmatic cavity, thus
precluding the deposition of self-pollinia until after the anther cap has dropped. An
anatomical investigation of this mechanism suggests that differential water loss from
regions of the anther cap results in opening of the anther cap flaps. This is supported by
observations that as atmospheric vapour pressure deficits increased, the duration of
anther cap retention was reduced. * Conclusions Flowers of E. foliosa are specialized
for pollination by elaterid beetles. Retention of anther caps for a period exceeding
average visit times by beetles to inflorescences appears to prevent facilitated selfpollination
in E. foliosa effectively.
Anonymous.
UK orchid growers could be 'priced out of market'
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Feb 23, 2006. p. 6 (1 pp.)
Abstract
A British Orchid Growers Association representative exhibiting at the European orchid
show next door to Flormart said increased charges to trade will "price the UK out of the
market".
Anonymous.
Orchid importers face stricter rules
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jan 26, 2006. p. 3 (1 pp.)
Dr Sian Lim, who has been granted nearly 400 permits to import orchids for trade,
became what customs officers and orchid collectors believe is the first person to be jailed
for smuggling rare orchids into Britain.
Copyright © 2009 ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved.
KOMODITAS ANGGREK
PROQUEST 2007 (27 Judul)
Aaron H Kennedy, Gary L Walker
The Population Genetic Structure of the Showy Lady's-Slipper Orchid (Cypripedium
reginae Walter) in its Glaciated and Unglaciated Ranges
. Castanea. Newberry:Dec 2007. Vol. 72, Iss. 4, p. 248-261 (14 pp.)
Abstract
Allozyme and RAPD analyses conducted on Cypripedium reginae, populations from
previously glaciated and unglaciated sites indicated low species- and population-level
diversity and moderate population differentiation. Low species-level variation may be
attributed to founder effect during Pleistocene range shifts, genetic bottlenecks in a
relatively small refugial southern range, and genetic drift in small and isolated southern
populations during glacial advance. Populations from previously glaciated sites harbored
higher genetic diversity than populations from unglaciated sites. This geographic pattern
of population n genetic structure is highly irregular among organisms with disjunct ranges
where most studies have revealed higher levels of genetic diversity in unglaciated
refugial populations. We attribute this pattern in C. reginae to the presence of abundant
open wetland habitat near advancing glaciers that served as refugia for diverse northern
populations that were well positioned to recolonize open wetland habitat after final
recession of Pleistocene glaciers.
Luis Abdala-Roberts, Víctor Parra-Tabla, Jorge Navarro
Is Floral Longevity Influenced by Reproductive Costs and Pollination Success in
Cohniella ascendens (Orchidaceae)?
. Annals of Botany. Oxford:Nov 2007. Vol. 100, Iss. 6, p. 1367-71 (5 pp.)
Abstract
Background and aims Although studies have shown that pollen addition and/or removal
decreases floral longevity, less attention has been paid to the relationship between
reproductive costs and floral longevity. In addition, the influence of reproductive costs on
floral longevity responses to pollen addition and/or removal has not yet been evaluated.
Here, the orchid Cohniella ascendens is used to answer the following questions. ( a )
Does experimental removal of flower buds in C. ascendens increase flower longevity? (b)
Does pollen addition and/or removal decrease floral longevity, and does this response
depend on plant reproductive resource status? Methods To study the effect of
reproductive costs on floral longevity 21 plants were selected from which we removed 50
% of the developing flower buds on a marked inflorescence. Another 21 plants were not
manipulated (controls). One month later, one of four flowers on each marked
inflorescence received one of the following pollen manipulation treatments: control,
pollinia removal, pollination without pollinia removal or pollination with pollinia removal.
The response variable measured was the number of days each flower remained open
(i.e. longevity). Key Result The results showed significant flower bud removal and pollen
manipulation effects on floral longevity; the interaction between these two factors was not
significant. Flowers on inflorescences with previously removed flower buds remained
open significantly longer than flowers on control inflorescences. On the other hand,
pollinated flowers closed much faster than control and removed-pollinia flowers, the latter
not closing significantly faster than control flowers, although this result was marginal.
Conclusions The results emphasize the strong relationship between floral longevity and
pollination in orchids, as well as the influence of reproductive costs on the forme
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although studies have shown that pollen addition and/or
removal decreases floral longevity, less attention has been paid to the relationship
between reproductive costs and floral longevity. In addition, the influence of reproductive
costs on floral longevity responses to pollen addition and/or removal has not yet been
evaluated. Here, the orchid Cohniella ascendens is used to answer the following
questions. (a) Does experimental removal of flower buds in C. ascendens increase flower
longevity? (b) Does pollen addition and/or removal decrease floral longevity, and does
this response depend on plant reproductive resource status? METHODS: To study the
effect of reproductive costs on floral longevity 21 plants were selected from which we
removed 50 % of the developing flower buds on a marked inflorescence. Another 21
plants were not manipulated (controls). One month later, one of four flowers on each
marked inflorescence received one of the following pollen manipulation treatments:
control, pollinia removal, pollination without pollinia removal or pollination with pollinia
removal. The response variable measured was the number of days each flower remained
open (i.e. longevity). KEY RESULTS: The results showed significant flower bud removal
and pollen manipulation effects on floral longevity; the interaction between these two
factors was not significant. Flowers on inflorescences with previously removed flower
buds remained open significantly longer than flowers on control inflorescences. On the
other hand, pollinated flowers closed much faster than control and removed-pollinia
flowers, the latter not closing significantly faster than control flowers, although this result
was marginal. CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize the strong relationship between
floral longevity and pollination in orchids, as well as the influence of reproductive costs on
the former.
Anonymous.
Partners In Orchids
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Nov 2007. Vol. 25, Iss. 13, p. 14 (1 pp.)
Abvstract
Sion, a Dutch phalaenopsis orchid breeder, has teamed up with CosMic Plants Inc. in
Beamsville, Ontario, to supply rooted phalaenopsis...
Kevin L Davies, Malgorzata Stpiczynska
Micromorphology of the Labellum and Floral Spur of Cryptocentrum Benth. and
Sepalosaccus Schltr. (Maxillariinae: Orchidaceae)
. Annals of Botany. Oxford:Oct 2007. Vol. 100, Iss. 4, p. 797-805 (9 pp.)
Abstract \
Background and Aims Gross vegetative and floral morphology, as well as modern
molecular techniques, indicate that Cryptocentrum Benth. and Sepalosaccus Schltr. are
related to Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. However, they differ from Maxillaria in their possession of
floral spurs and, in this respect, are atypical of Maxillariinae. The labellar
micromorphology of Maxillaria , unlike that of the other two genera, has been extensively
studied. In the present report, the labellar micromorphology of Cryptocentrum and
Sepalosaccus is compared with that of Maxillaria and, for the first time, the
micromorphology of b the floral spur as found in Maxillariinae is described. Methods
Labella and dissected floral spurs of Cryptocentrum and Sepalosaccus were examined
using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Key Result In each
case, the labellum consists of a papillose mid-lobe (epichile), a cymbiform region
(hypochile) and, proximally, a spur, which is pronounced in Cryptocentrum but short and
blunt in Sepalosaccus. The inner epidermal surface of the spur of Cryptocentrum is
glabrous or pubescent, and the bicellular hairs, where present, are unlike any hitherto
described for Maxillariinae. Similar but unicellular hairs also occur in the floral spur of
Sepalosaccus , whereas the glabrous epidermis lining the spur of C. peruvianum
contains putative nectar pores. Conclusions The labellar micromorphology of
Cryptocentrum and Sepalosaccus generally resembles that of Maxillaria . The floral spur
of Cryptocentrum displays two types of organization in that the epidermal lining may be
glabrous (possibly with nectar pores) or pubescent. This may have taxonomic
significance and perhaps reflects physiological differences relating to nectar secretion.
The trichomes found within the spurs of Cryptocentrum and Sepalosaccus more closely
resemble the hairs of certain unrelated, nectariferous orchid taxa than those found in the
largely nectarless genus Maxillaria , and this further supports the case for parallelism.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gross vegetative and floral morphology, as well as modern
molecular techniques, indicate that Cryptocentrum Benth. and Sepalosaccus
Schltr.related to Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. However, they differ Maxillaria in their
possession of floral spurs and, in this respect, atypical of Maxillariinae. The labellar
micromorphology of Maxillaria, that of the other two genera, has been extensively
studied. In the presen report, the labellar micromorphology of Cryptocentrum and
Sepalosaccus I compared with that of Maxillaria and, for the first time, the
micromorphology of the floral spur as found in Maxillariinae is described. METHODS:
Labella and dissected floral spurs of Cryptocentrum and Sepalosaccus were examined
using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). KEY RESULTS:
In each case, the labellum consists of a papillose mid-lobe (epichile), a cymbiform
region (hypochile) and, proximally, a spur, which is pronounced in Cryptocentrum but
short and blunt in Sepalosaccus. The inner epidermal surface of the spur of
Cryptocentrum is glabrous or pubescent, and the bicellular hairs, where present, are
unlike any hitherto described for Maxillariinae. Similar but unicellular hairs also occur in
the floral spur of Sepalosaccus, whereas the glabrous epidermis lining the spur of C.
peruvianum contains putative nectar pores. CONCLUSIONS: The labellar
micromorphology of Cryptocentrum and Sepalosaccus generally resembles that of
Maxillaria. The floral spur of Cryptocentrum displays two types of organization in that the
epidermal lining may be glabrous (possibly with nectar pores) or pubescent. This may
have taxonomic significance and perhaps reflects physiological differences relating to
nectar secretion. The trichomes found within the spurs of Cryptocentrum and
Sepalosaccus more closely resemble the hairs of certain unrelated, nectariferous orchid
taxa than those found in the largely nectarless genus Maxillaria, and this further supports
the case for parallelism. Variability in Floral Scent in Rewarding and Deceptive Orchids:
The
Charlotte C Salzmann, Antonio M Nardella, Salvatore Cozzolino, Florian P Schiestl.
Signature of Pollinator-imposed Selection?
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Oct 2007. Vol. 100, Iss. 4, p. 757-65 (9 pp.)
Abstract
Background and Aims A comparative investigation was made of floral scent variation in
the closely related, food-rewarding Anacamptis coriophora and the food-deceptive
Anacamptis morio in order to identify patterns of variability of odour compounds in the two
species and their role in pollinator attraction/avoidance learning. Methods Scent was
collected from plants in natural populations and samples were analysed via quantitative
gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Combined gas chromatography and
electroantennographic detection was used to identify compounds that are detected by
the pollinators. Experimental reduction of scent variability was performed in the field with
plots of A. morio plants supplemented with a uniform amount of anisaldehyde. Key
Results Both orchid species emitted complex odour bouquets. In A. coriophora the two
main benzenoid compounds, hydroquinone dimethyl ether (1,4-dimethoxybenzene) and
anisaldehyde (methoxybenzaldehyde), triggered electrophysiological responses in
olfactory neurons of honey-bee and bumble-bee workers. The scent of A. morio ,
however, was too weak to elicit any electrophysiological responses. The overall variation
in scent was significantly lower in the rewarding A. coriophora than in the deceptive A.
morio , suggesting pollinator avoidance-learning selecting for high variation in the
deceptive species. A. morio flowers supplemented with non-variable scent in plot
experiments, however, did not show significantly reduced pollination success.
Conclusions Whereas in the rewarding A. coriophora stabilizing selection imposed by
floral constancy of the pollinators may reduce scent variability, in the deceptive A. morio
the emitted scent seems to be too weak to be detected by pollinators and thus its high
variability may result from relaxed selection on this floral trait BACKGROUND AND
AIMS: A comparative investigation was made of floral scent variation in the closely
related, food-rewarding Anacamptis coriophora and the food-deceptive Anacamptis morio
in order to identify patterns of variability of odour compounds in the two species and their
role in pollinator attraction/avoidance learning. METHODS: Scent was collected from
plants in natural populations and samples were analysed via quantitative gas
chromatography and mass spectrometry. Combined gas chromatography and
electroantennographic detection was used to identify compounds that are detected by the
pollinators. Experimental reduction of scent variability was performed in the field with
plots of A. morio plants supplemented with a uniform amount of anisaldehyde. KEY
RESULTS: Both orchid species emitted complex odour bouquets. In A. coriophora the
two main benzenoid compounds, hydroquinone dimethyl ether (1,4-dimethoxybenzene)
and anisaldehyde (methoxybenzaldehyde), triggered electrophysiological responses in
olfactory neurons of honey-bee and bumble-bee workers. The scent of A. morio,
however, was too weak to elicit any electrophysiological responses. The overall variation
in scent was significantly lower in the rewarding A. coriophora than in the deceptive A.
morio, suggesting pollinator avoidance-learning selecting for high variation in the
deceptive species. A. morio flowers supplemented with non-variable scent in plot
experiments, however, did not show significantly reduced pollination success.
CONCLUSIONS: Whereas in the rewarding A. coriophora stabilizing selection imposed
by floral constancy of the pollinators may reduce scent variability, in the deceptive A.
morio the emitted scent seems to be too weak to be detected by pollinators and thus its
high variability may result from relaxed selection on this floral trait.
Eric E Lamont, Richard Stalter
Orchids of Atlantic coast barrier islands from North Carolina to New York
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. Bronx:Oct-Dec 2007. Vol. 134, Iss. 4, p.
540-551 (12 pp.)
Abstract
During the past 25 years, we have documented the occurrence of 17 orchid species from
Atlantic coast barrier islands from North Carolina to New York, including Calopogon
tuberosus, Corallorhiza wisteriana, Cypripedium acaule, Epipactis helleborine, Goodyera
pubescens, Habenaria repens, Listera australis, Malaxis spicata, Platanthera cristata,
Pogonia ophioglossoides, Spiranthes cernua, S. lacera var. gracilis, S. laciniata, S.
odorata, S. praecox, S. vernalis, and Tipularia discolor. For each species, we present
data on localities of extant orchid populations, fluctuations in population size, flowering
dates, habitat preferences, threats to some populations, results of herbarium and
literature searches, and our opinion on the status of orchid species reported by others but
not observed by us in the field. Spiranthes vernalis is the most common orchid on mid-
Atlantic coast barrier islands. Other species occurring in large (> 1000 individuals)
populations include Platanthera cristata, Spiranthes cernua, S. praecox, and Tipularia
discolor. Four orchid species occur in moderately large (50 to 100+ individuals)
populations but have limited distributions, including Calopogon tuberosus, Cypripedium
acaule, Epipactus helleborine, and Pogonia ophioglossoides. When analyzed by locality,
several regions of high orchid diversity can be identified, including False Cape, Virginia,
and the region between and including Nags Head Woods and Kitty Hawk Woods on
Bodie Island, North Carolina. These orchid "hot spots" occur in regions that provide a
high diversity of habitats
Ken Cockshull.
Research matters... Temperature controls for orchids
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Sep 20, 2007. p. 31 (1 pp.)
Abstract
In the experiments reported here, young plants of the lava Glow' clone of Doritaenopsis
were grown at day/ night temperatures of 30°C/25°C, 25°C/30°C, 25°C/20°C or
20°C/25°C. "Day" and "night" each lasted 12 hours.
Anonymous.
New topsoil standard to make grading more user-friendly
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Aug 23, 2007. p. 5 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Grading, he said, was broadbrush and "prejudicial". New multipurpose grades would
underpin specialist ones such as an acidity grade for rhododendrons and a low-fertility
one for orchids.
Jez Abbott.
Tropical house opens in Wales
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jul 19, 2007. p. 8 (1 pp.)
Abstract
She added: "From throughout the tropics we'll be growing palms, orchids, the giant leaves
and unusual flowers of aroids and the treeliving relatives of the pineapple,"
Ronald A Coleman.
Wild orchids of the prairies and Great Plains region of North America
Annals of Botany. Oxford:Jul 2007. Vol. 100, Iss. 1, p. 152-153 (2 pp.)
Anonymous.
Texas A&M Trailblazers
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Jul 2007. Vol. 25, Iss. 8, p. 12 (1 pp.)
Abstract
As a result of Dr. [Wang]'s exemplary work, he's taken orchids from the realm of specialty
crop to commodity crop," says his colleague, Dr. Dan Lineberger, who nominated Wang
to receive the fellow designation. "He has developed fertilization protocols and
addressed cultural requirements for postharvest handling to maximize sales and
customer satisfaction. Dr.
Denis Lauzer, Sébastien Renaut, Marc St-Arnaud, Denis Barabé.
In vitro asymbiotic germination, protocorm development, and plantlet acclimatization of
Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. (Orchidaceae)
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. Bronx:Jul-Sep 2007. Vol. 134, Iss. 3, p.
344-348 (5 pp.)
Abstract
A method to significantly improve the germination and development of plantlets of
Aplectrum hyemale was developed. Seeds of this terrestrial orchid were collected in a
natural stand, surface disinfected and grown in vitro on a gellified growth medium in
absence of symbiotic fungi. Seeds were sowed whole or after excision of the seed coat.
Embryos that were removed from the seed coat showed a significant increase in
germination and survival percentages compared to whole seeds. Embryos grew to form a
ramified protocorm, irrespective of seed treatment, followed by plantlet formation.
Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to soil conditions. Asymbiotic in
vitro culture is therefore shown as a potential tool to produce viable plantlets for use in
natural site restoration
Joyce M Reddoch, Allan H Reddoch.
Population dynamics and flowering synchrony of Goodyera pubescens (Orchidaceae) in
southwestern Quebec, Canada
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. Bronx:Jul-Sep 2007. Vol. 134, Iss. 3, p.
379-388 (10 pp.)
Abstract
Two populations of the clonal orchid Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. were studied
between 1976 and 2006 in Gatineau Park, Quebec, at the northern edge of the
distribution. The species is ranked as "imperiled" in the province. Four life-history stages
were identified: seed, juvenile/immature, flowering and vegetative. The populations,
which were 5 km apart, expanded with doubling times of 7.5 and 15.9 years, the
difference in doubling times being attributed to ongoing herbivory at the latter site. Intergenerational
times for vegetative reproduction were 4-8 years, while none of the few
juvenile/immature individuals monitored had flowered after 9 years. Large flowerings, of
up to 30% of the rosettes in a patch, usually were spaced at intervals of 2-4 years. These
large flowerings were synchronous within patches, among patches, and betweenm
populations. They occurred in the years that followed years with an extensive warm, dry
period in May.
LOGBOOK: BODGERS, BADGERS AND DINGLES
Forestry and British Timber. Tonbridge:Jun 1, 2007. p. 3
Abstract
Whether it is charcoal-making at Bodfari in North Wales, badger- watching near Torfaen,
or learning about rare orchids in the sand dune pine forest at Pembrey, Wales's woods
have something to offer everyone.
.
Duncan D. Cameron, Irene Johnson, Jonathan R. Leake, David J. Read
Mycorrhizal Acquisition of Inorganic Phosphorus by the Green-leaved Terrestrial Orchid
Goodyera repens
Annals of Botany. Oxford:May 2007. Vol. 99, Iss. 5, p. 831-4
Abstract
Background and Aims Mycorrhizal fungi play a vital role in providing a carbon subsidy to
support the germination and establishment of orchids from tiny seeds, but their roles in
adult orchids have not been adequately characterized. Recent evidence that carbon is
supplied by Goodyera repens to its fungal partner in return for nitrogen has established
the mutualistic nature of the symbiosis in this orchid. In this paper the role of the fungus
in the capture and transfer of inorganic phosphorus (P) to the orchid is unequivocally
demonstrated for the first time. Methods Mycorrhiza-mediated uptake of phosphorus in
G. repens was investigated using spatially separated, two-dimensional agar-based
microcosms. Results External mycelium growing from this green orchid is shown to be
effective in assimilating and transporting the radiotracer 33 P orthophosphate into the
plant. After 7 d of exposure, over 10 % of the P supplied was transported over a diffusion
barrier by the fungus and to the plants, more than half of this to the shoots. Conclusions
Goodyera repens can obtain significant amounts of P from its mycorrhizal partner. These
results provide further support for the view that mycorrhizal associations in some adult
green orchids are mutualistic BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mycorrhizal fungi play a vital
role in providing a carbon subsidy to support the germination and establishment of
orchids from tiny seeds, but their roles in adult orchids have not been adequa
characterized. Recent evidence that carbon is supplied by Goodyera repens to its fungal
partner in return for nitrogen has established the mutualistic nature of the symbiosis in
this orchid. In this paper the role of the fungus in the capture and transfer of inorganic
phosphorus (P) to the orchid is unequivocally demonstrated for the first time. METHODS:
Mycorrhiza-mediated uptake of phosphorus in G. repens was investigated using spatially
separated, two-dimensional agar-based microcosms. RESULTS: External mycelium
growing from this green orchid is shown to be effective in assimilating and transporting
the radiotracer (33)P orthophosphate into the plant. After 7 d of exposure over 10 % of
the P supplied was transported over a diffusion barrier by the fungus and to the plants,
more than half of this to the shoots. CONCLUSIONS: Goodyera repens can obtain
significant amounts of P from its mycorrhizal partner. These results provide further
support for the view that mycorrhizal associations in some adult green orchids are
mutualistic.
Scott L Stewart, Michael E Kane.
Symbiotic seed germination and evidence for in vitro mycobiont specificity in Spiranthes
brevilabris (Orchidaceae) and its implications for species-level conservation
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.: Plant Columbia:May/Jun 2007. Vol. 43 ,
Iss. 3, p. 178-186 (9 pp.)
Abstract
Orchid-mycobiont specificity in the Orchidaceae was considered controversial and not
well understood for many years. Differences in mycobiont specificity during germination in
vitro vs in situ have lead some to consider orchid-mycobiont specificity as being
generally low; however, others have suggested that specificity, especially in vitro, is
surprisingly high. Mycobiont specificity may be genus or species specific. An in vitro
symbiotic seed germination experiment was designed to examine mycobiont specificity
of the endangered Florida terrestrial orchid Spiranthes brevilabris using mycobionts
isolated from both the study species and the endemic congener Spiranthes floridana. In
a screen of mycobionts, isolates Sflo-305 (99.5%), Sflo-306 (99.5%), and Sflo-308
(89.9%) (originating from S. floridana) supported higher initial (stage 1) seed germination
than isolate Sbrev-266 (32.4%) (originating from S. brevilabris) after 3 wk culture.
However, only isolate Sbrev-266 supported advanced germination and protocorm
development to stage 5 (53.1%) after 12 wk culture. These findings suggest that S.
brevilabris maintains a high degree of mycobiont specificity under in vitro symbiotic seed
germination conditions. High orchid-mycobiont specificity in S. brevilabris may be
indicative of the rare status of this orchid in Florida
M. Moles, H. Delatte, K. Farreyrol, M. Grisoni
Evidence that Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) isolates divide into two subgroups
based on nucleotide diversity of coat protein and replicase genes
. Archives of Virology. New York:Apr 2007. Vol. 152, Iss. 4, p. 705-15 (11 pp.)
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV, family Flexiviridae ) was
assessed by analysing the nucleotide sequences of coat protein (CP) and partial RNAdependent
RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes. Thirty CymMV sequences from vanilla
isolates, obtained in this work by direct sequencing of RT-PCR products, were compared
to the sequences from ornamental orchid isolates available in GenBank. The CymMV
population exhibited overall low genetic diversity (À = 0.054 and À = 0.053 for CP and
RdRp genes, respectively). Phylogenetic analyses of the 85 CP and 37 RdRp sequences
revealed the segregation of the isolates into two congruent monophyletic clusters;
however these two subgroups did not cluster in amino sequence analysis because most
of the nt mutations were synonymous. Nevertheless, the subgrouping was confirmed by
highly significant Kst tests for the CP and RdRp genes. Analysis of population genetic
parameters and distribution of synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations revealed that
both genes were under negative selection with no recombination events. These results
suggested that the CymMV isolates found in cultivated orchids worldwide have a dual
origin and are expanding as if following bottlenecks The genetic diversity of Cymbidium
mosaic virus (CymMV, family Flexiviridae) was assessed by analysing the nucleotide
sequences of coat protein (CP) a partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes.
Thirty CymMV sequences from vanilla isolates, obtained in this work by direct sequencing
of RT-PCR products, were compared to the sequences from ornamental orchid isolates
available in GenBank. The CymMV population exhibited overall low genetic diversity
(pi=0.054 and pi=0.053 for CP and RdRp genes, respectively). Phylogenetic analyses of
the 85 CP and 37 RdRp sequences revealed the segregation of the isolates into two
congruent monophyletic clusters; however these two subgroups did not cluster in amino
sequence analysis because most of the nt mutations were synonymous. Nevertheless,
the subgrouping was confirmed by highly significant Kst tests for the CP and RdRp
genes. Analysis of population genetic parameters and distribution of synonymous and
nonsynonymous mutations revealed that both genes were under negative selection with
no recombination events. These results suggested that the CymMV isolates found in
cultivated orchids worldwide have a dual origin and are expanding as if following
bottlenecks.
Wesley E Higgins.
Wild Orchids of the Prairies and Great Plains Region of North America
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. Bronx:Apr-Jun 2007. Vol. 134, Iss. 2, p. 333
(1 pp.)
Abstract
Wild Orchids of the Prairies and Great Plains Region of North America By Paul Martin
Brown. 352 pp. 323 color photos, 5 color illustrations, 94 line drawings, 3 tables, 82
maps. Since a form designates a group with a noticeable but minor deviation, many
botanists believe that there is no need to name forms because there are theoretically
countless numbers ofm forms based on normal variation within a species.
Wun-Hong Zeng, Sin-Chung Liao, Ching-Chun Chang.
Identification of RNA Editing Sites in Chloroplast Transcripts of Phalaenopsis aphrodite
and Comparative Analysis with Those of Other Seed Plants Plant & Cell
Physiology. Oxford:Feb 2007. Vol. 48, Iss. 2, p. 362-8 (7 pp.)
Abstract
RNA editing sites were systematically examined for the transcripts of 74 known proteincoding
genes in the chloroplasts of Phalaenopsis aphrodite. A total of 44 editing sites
were identified in 24 transcripts, the highest reported in seed plants. In addition, 21
editing sites are unique to the Phalaenopsis orchid as compared with other seed plants.
All editing is C-to-U conversion, and 42 editing sites bring about the changes in amino
acids. One of the remaining two editing sites occurs in the transcripts of the ndhB
pseudogene, and another in the 5'-untranslated region of psbH transcripts RNA editing
sites were systematically examined for the transcripts of 74 known protein-coding genes
in the chloroplasts of Phalaenopsis aphrodite. A total of 44 editing sites were identified in
24 transcripts, the highest reported in seed plants. In addition, 21 editing sites are unique
to the Phalaenopsis orchid as compared with other seed plants. All editing is C-to-U
conversion, and 42 editing sites bring about the changes in amino acids. One of the
remaining two editing sites occurs in the transcripts of the ndhB pseudogene, and
another in the 5'-untranslated region of psbH transcripts.
Hsiang-Chia Lu, Hong-Hwa Chen, Wen-Chieh Tsai, Wen-Huei Chen, et al.
Strategies for Functional Validation of Genes Involved in Reproductive Stages of
Orchids1
Plant Physiology. Rockville:Feb 2007. Vol. 143, Iss. 2, p. 558-69 (12 pp.)
Abstract
Plants in the largest family of angiosperms, Orchidaceae, are diverse in both specialized
pollination and ecological strategies and provide a rich source for investigating
evolutionary relationships and developmental biology. However, studies in orchids have
been hindered by several challenges that include low transformation efficiency and long
regeneration time. To overcome such obstacles, we selected a symptomless cymbidium
mosaic virus (CymMV) isolate for constructing virus-induced gene-silencing vectors. The
feasibility of the virus vectors was first assessed with use of an orchid phytoene
desaturase gene. The vector was able to induce gene silencing in orchids; however,
because of the slow growth of orchids, the commonly used phytoene desaturase gene
was not a good visual marker in orchids. We inserted a 150-nucleotide unique region of
a B-class MADS-box family gene, PeMADS6, into pCymMV-pro60. The transcription
level of PeMADS6 in inoculated Phalaenopsis plants was reduced by up to 73%, but no
effect was observed for other MADS-box family genes. In contrast, in Phalaenopsis
plants inoculated with CymMV transcripts containing 500 nucleotides of PeMADS6, a
conserved region among MADS-box genes, the transcription level of PeMADS6 and the
B- and C-class MADS-box genes was reduced by up to 97.8% as compared with plants
inoculated with the vector alone. Flower morphology was affected in the MADS-box
family gene-silenced plants as well. This in vivo experiment demonstrates an efficient way
to study genes involved in the reproductive stage of plants with a long life cycle.
Anonymous.
Ornamentals News: BRIEFS
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jan 25, 2007. p. 10 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Ball Colegrave's Fanfare was heralded as the most versatile Impatiens series at the
company's trials last summer and now two new colours have been added to this year's
range - Orchid' and 'Pink Sparkle'. A Ball Colegrave representative said the sun-loving
Impatiens is well suited for growing during dry periods because it is able to rebound
quickly from water stress without shedding buds or blooms.
Ken Cockshull.
Research matters... Optimum environment for orchids
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jan 25, 2007. p. 27 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Phalaenopsis orchids generally will not form flowers at temperatures above 27°C
because they require temperatures between 20°C and 25°C to trigger flower formation.
When a flowering spike has been initiated, it will produce open flowers at a rate that
depends on the 24-hour average temperature.
Anonymous.
Blooms finds British is best
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Jan 18, 2007. p. 8 (1 pp.)
Abstract
"On the label was 'This is an English-grown orchid' and it's made an enormous difference
with customers. It has a perceived value and the English brand clearly means something
to UK customers. There's an opportunity here."
Gerardo A Salazar, Phillip J Cribb.
On the identity of Eulophia filicaulis Lindl. (Orchidaceae)
Kew Bulletin. Norwich:2007. Vol. 62, Iss. 1, p. 147-149 (3 pp.)
Abstract
The identity of Lindley's Eulophia filicaulis, said to have been collected by Karwinsky in
Mexico, is discussed. It is confirmed as belonging to the genus Eulophia and to be
conspecific with the West African E. ramifera Summerh. However, its presence in the
Mexican orchid flora is seriously questioned.]
Phillip Cribb.
Orchids of Mexico
Kew Bulletin. Norwich:2007. Vol. 62, Iss. 1, p. 168-169 (2 pp.)
Abstract
Included are essays on their origins, habits, mycorrhizal associations, vegetative and
floral morphology, pollination, germination and classification. Satellite images of the
country demonstrate clearly the very varied topography and vegetation cover, ranging
from humid lowland forest to alpine grassland and from mangrove swamp to desert.
Copyright © 2009 ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved.
KOMODITAS ANGGREK
PROQUEST 2008 (30 Judul)
Gavin McEwan.
Orchid opportunities
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Oct 31, 2008. p. 21-22 (2 pp.)
Abstract
They are warmed to "get them going again" then placed in a cooler area until they
develop a flower spike, which takes four to six months. "You end up with a plant that you
can call 'UK-grown'," says [Mark Powell]. "People are getting more interested in their
carbon footprint and where things have come from."
Anonymous.
COUNTRY VIEW: Orchid Group launch Jimmy's Farm sausages
Farmers Guardian. Tonbridge:Oct 17, 2008. p. 35
Abstract
The Orchid Group has become the only pub company in the UK to offer rare breed
sausages from TV's popular [Jimmy]'s Farm.
Anonymous.
PROFILE: Arie Van Vugt
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Oct 2008. Vol. 26, Iss. 12, p. 16 (1 pp.)
Abstract
We began growing orchids as a large piece of our business in July 2007. We have
50,000 square feet of orchid production. We also grow herbs in upgraded packaging. We
service supermarkets with our sprinter vans on the road and merchandise each store
individually, just like the bread man. Our goal is to produce specialty crops in Pompton
Plains and plugs and liners in Allamuchy. We have five acres in Pompton Plains and eight
acres in Allamuchy.
Anonymous.
News: BRIEFS
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Sep 4, 2008. p. 4 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Newly appointed supervisor of the Eden Project's tropical zone John Nichol has revealed
his plans. He said: "My ambition is to introduce the 'giants of the rainforest' -trees like the
Brazil nut and the dipterocarps from South-East Asia - and cultivate bromeliads and
orchids that grow in the rainforest canopy. I'd like to continue the good work
predecessors and make the Biome as authentic an experience as possible."
Sara Tambascio.
Orchids & Optimism
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Sep 2008. Vol. 26, Iss. 10, p. 16-17 (2 pp.)
Abstract
"There's nothing worse in the economy coming down the road," he says. "The five cities
with the highest foreclosure rate are in California, but Trader Joe's lot is still overflowing.
Costco's parking lot is overflowing. Whatever's going on, I think we're through the worst
of it. People still have to eat. People are still going to grocery stores. Maybe they'll buy
more cut flowers and ornamentals now because they aren't going on vacation."
Miranda Kimberley.
Tough market forces British orchid firm into liquidation
Horticulture Week. Teddington:Aug 21, 2008. p. 8 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Preseli Orchids representative Alistair Sandy said at the event: "The market is pretty
tough. Money is tight and flowers are the first thing to disappear. The Dutch are very
competitive and can trade at ridiculously low prices because of their government
subsidy."
Ecology; Recent findings in ecology described by J. Jersakova and
colleagues
Anonymous. Ecology, Environment & Conservation Business. Atlanta:Aug 4,
2008. ***[insert pages]***
To determine the effect that a mutation for nectar production would
have on overall pollination success of the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza
sambucina, we recorded pollen deposition and removal in flowers of plants
that had either been supplemented with an artificial nectar solution or
left unmanipulated as controls.
Anonymous.
Ecology; Recent findings in ecology described by J. Jersakova and colleagues
Ecology, Environment & Conservation. Atlanta:Aug 4, 2008.
Abstract
To determine the effect that a mutation for nectar production would have on overall
pollination success of the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina, we recorded pollen
deposition and removal in flowers of plants that had either been supplemented with an
artificial nectar solution or left unmanipulated as controls.
Anonymous.
Ecology; Recent findings in ecology described by J. Jersakova and colleagues
Energy & Ecology Business. Atlanta:Aug 4, 2008. ***[insert pages]***
Abstract
To determine the effect that a mutation for nectar production would have on overall
pollination success of the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina, we recorded pollen
deposition and removal in flowers of plants that had either been supplemented with an
artificial nectar solution or left unmanipulated as controls.
Anonymous.
Ecology; Recent findings in ecology described by J. Jersakova and colleagues
Energy & Ecology. Atlanta:Aug 4, 2008. ***[insert pages]***
Abstract
To determine the effect that a mutation for nectar production would have on overall
pollination success of the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina, we recorded pollen
deposition and removal in flowers of plants that had either been supplemented with an
artificial nectar solution or left unmanipulated as controls.
Beth Huxta
Surviving Without Sex
. Organic Gardening. Emmaus:Aug-Oct 2008. Vol. 55, Iss. 6, p. 15 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Desirable plants like 'October Glory' maple, 'Knockout' rose, numerous heucheras,
orchids, and poinsettias are grafted, cutting-propagated, or tissue-cultured so that
named cultivars are all genetically identical to each other.
Anonymous.
Genetics; Study findings from S. Bory et al provide new insights into genetics
Ecology, Environment & Conservation Business. Atlanta:Jul 21, 2008. p. 420
Abstract
There has also been an important increase in the knowledge of the genetic diversity and
reproductive biology of V. planifolia in natural conditions, showing that mating system
diversity exists in Vanilla and that this genus could be a good model to study the role of
fragrance in orchid evolution.
Anonymous.
Genetics; Study findings from S. Bory et al provide new insights into genetics
Ecology, Environment & Conservation. Atlanta:Jul 21, 2008. p. 33
Abstract
There has also been an important increase in the knowledge of the genetic diversity and
reproductive biology of V. planifolia in natural conditions, showing that mating system
diversity exists in Vanilla and that this genus could be a good model to study the role of
fragrance in orchid evolution.
Anonymous.
Genetics; Study findings from S. Bory et al provide new insights into genetics
Energy & Ecology Business. Atlanta:Jul 21, 2008. p. 550
Abstract
There has also been an important increase in the knowledge of the genetic diversity and
reproductive biology of V. planifolia in natural conditions, showing that mating system
diversity exists in Vanilla and that this genus could be a good model to study the role of
fragrance in orchid evolution.
Anonymous.
Genetics; Study findings from S. Bory et al provide new insights into genetics
Energy & Ecology. Atlanta:Jul 21, 2008. p. 380
Abstract
There has also been an important increase in the knowledge of the genetic diversity and
reproductive biology of V. planifolia in natural conditions, showing that mating system
diversity exists in Vanilla and that this genus could be a good model to study the role of
fragrance in orchid evolution.
Anonymous.
Who's Your Momma?
Greenhouse Grower. Willoughby:Jun 2008. Vol. 26, Iss. 7, p. 15 (1 pp.)
Abstract
Consumers had even better reasons to buy orchids for their moms for Mother's Day this
year from Rocket Farms in Saunas, Calif.
Anonymous.
Rabobank America; Innovation Could Help Floral Industry Blossom
Agriculture Business Week. Atlanta:May 19, 2008. p. 17
Abstract
The premier bank to the global food and agriculture industry, Rabobank is a global
financial services leader providing institutional and retail banking and agricultural finance
solutions in key markets around the world.
Anonymous.
Rabobank America; Innovation Could Help Floral Industry Blossom
Agriculture Week. Atlanta:May 19, 2008. p. 115
Abstract
The premier bank to the global food and agriculture industry, Rabobank is a global
financial services leader providing institutional and retail banking and agricultural finance
solutions in key markets around the world.
Anonymous.
Rabobank America; Innovation Could Help Floral Industry Blossom
Food & Farm Week. Atlanta:May 19, 2008. p. 322
Abstract
The premier bank to the global food and agriculture industry, Rabobank is a global
financial services leader providing institutional and retail banking and agricultural finance
solutions in key markets around the world.
Anonymous.
Rabobank America; Innovation Could Help Floral Industry Blossom
Food Weekly Focus. Atlanta:May 19, 2008. p. 73
Abstract
The premier bank to the global food and agriculture industry, Rabobank is a global
financial services leader providing institutional and retail banking and agricultural finance
solutions in key markets around the world.
Anonymous.
Rabobank America; Innovation Could Help Floral Industry Blossom
Journal of Farming. Atlanta:May 19, 2008. p. 207
Abstract
The premier bank to the global food and agriculture industry, Rabobank is a global
financial services leader providing institutional and retail banking and agricultural finance
solutions in key markets around the world.
Anonymous.
Botany; New research on botany from P. Li and co-authors summarized
Ecology, Environment & Conservation Business. Atlanta:May 12, 2008. p. 225
Abstract
The pollination ecology of Cypripedium henryi Rolfe, a slipper orchid endemic to west
China, was investigated, and its floral shape, size, colour, and scent were analysed.
Anonymous.
Botany; New research on botany from P. Li and co-authors summarized
Ecology, Environment & Conservation. Atlanta:May 12, 2008. p. 225
Abstract
The pollination ecology of Cypripedium henryi Rolfe, a slipper orchid endemic to west
China, was investigated, and its floral shape, size, colour, and scent were analysed.
Anonymous.
Evolution; Reports on evolution findings from University of Gothenburg provide new
insights
Ecology, Environment & Conservation Business. Atlanta:May 12, 2008. p. 188
Abstract
The lack of reference sequences from well-identified mycorrhizal fungi often poses a
challenge to the inference of taxonomic affiliation of bsequences from environmental
samples, and many environmental sequences are thus left unidentified.
Anonymous.
Evolution; Reports on evolution findings from University of Gothenburg provide new
insights
Ecology, Environment & Conservation. Atlanta:May 12, 2008. p. 188
Abstract
The lack of reference sequences from well-identified mycorrhizal fungi often poses a
challenge to the inference of taxonomic affiliation of sequences from environmental
samples, and many environmental sequences are thus left unidentified.
Anonymous.
Botany; New research on botany from P. Li and co-authors summarized
Energy & Ecology Business. Atlanta:May 12, 2008. p. 243
Abstract
The pollination ecology of Cypripedium henryi Rolfe, a slipper orchid endemic to west
China, was investigated, and its floral shape, size, colour, and scent were analysed.
Anonymous.
Botany; New research on botany from P. Li and co-authors summarized
Energy & Ecology. Atlanta:May 12, 2008. p. 243
Abstract
The pollination ecology of Cypripedium henryi Rolfe, a slipper orchid endemic to west
China, was investigated, and its floral shape, size, colour, and scent were analysed.
Anonymous.
Evolution; Reports on evolution findings from University of Gothenburg provide new
insights
Energy & Ecology Business. Atlanta:May 12, 2008. p. 204
Abstract
The lack of reference sequences from well-identified mycorrhizal fungi often poses a
challenge to the inference of taxonomic affiliation of sequences from environmental
samples, and many environmental sequences are thus left unidentified.
Anonymous.
Evolution; Reports on evolution findings from University of Gothenburg provide new
insights
Energy & Ecology. Atlanta:May 12, 2008. p. 204
Abstract
The lack of reference sequences from well-identified mycorrhizal fungi often poses a
challenge to the inference of taxonomic affiliation of sequences from environmental
samples, and many environmental sequences are thus left unidentified.
Anonymous.
Botany; New botany study results reported from J. Stoekl et al
Ecology, Environment & Conservation Business. Atlanta:May 5, 2008. p. 368
Abstract
In the sexually deceptive orchid genus Ophrys, reproductive isolation is based on the
specific attraction of mates of a single pollinator species, mostly bees, by mimicking the
female sex pheromone of this species.
.